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CAUSES GENERATING WORK ACCIDENTS IN
THE COLOMBIAN ELECTRICAL SECTOR A
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS
CAUSAS GENERADORAS DE ACCIDENTES TRABAJO EN
EL SECTOR ELÉCTRICO COLOMBIANO UN ANÁLISIS
INTEGRAL
Herminio Pabón Trujillo
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Colombia
Sergio Andrés Rojas Páez
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Colombia
Yurmarly Quintero Suárez
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Colombia
Juan Carlos Castillo
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Colombia
Angie Dayana Rangel
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Colombia
Ronald Edinxon Angarita Bautista
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Colombia
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v9i2.17474
Causes Generating Work Accidents in the Colombian Electrical Sector a
Comprehensive Analysis
Herminio Pabón Trujillo1
herminio.pabon.t@uniminuto.edu.co
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5636-4813
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
Colombia- Cúcuta
Sergio Andrés Rojas Páez
sergio.rojas-p@uniminuto.edu.co
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8447-9257
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
Colombia- Cúcuta
Yurmarly Quintero Suárez
yurmarly.quintero@uniminuto.edu.co
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5790-2098
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
Colombia- Cúcuta
Juan Carlos Castillo
Juan.castillo-h@uniminuto.edu.co
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7011-537X
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
Colombia-Cúcuta
Angie Dayana Rangel
Angie.rangel-p@uniminuto.edu.co
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2583-292X
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
Colombia-Cúcuta
Ronald Edinxon Angarita Bautista
Ronald.angarita@uniminuto.edu.co
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8835-8935
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
Colombia-Cúcuta
1
Autor principal
Correspondencia: herminio.pabon.t@uniminuto.edu.co
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ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Colombian electricity sector represents one of the highest risk work environments,
where constant exposure to electrical energy, the handling of specialized equipment and complex
operating conditions significantly increase the probability of occupational accidents. Despite advances
in safety regulations and management systems, accidents continue to be a relevant challenge, with
consequences ranging from minor injuries to the loss of human lives. Recent research shows that factors
such as immediate or mediated interaction with energized sources, high-voltage electric shock, improper
handling of equipment, failure to comply with protection standards, and limited training of technical
personnel are the most recurrent causes of these incidents. Comprehensive analysis of these causes
allows not only to identify the predominant risk factors, but also to understand the impact they have on
the protection of the physical condition of employees and the operation of companies in the sector. In
this context, the understanding of occupational accidents in the Colombian electricity sector becomes a
fundamental step for the formulation of effective preventive strategies, the phenomenon of a preventive
environment and the reduction of the incidence of serious and fatal accidents. This article addresses in
detail the factors that cause accidents in the national electrical labor field, contributing to the knowledge
and actions defined for the protection of human resources and the continuous improvement of working
conditions. Objective To identify the main sources of occupational accidents in the Colombian
electricity sector. Methodology: The proposed methodology is quantitative and descriptive, aimed at
identifying the origins that generate occupational accidents in the Colombian electricity industry. The
collection and statistical study of information is used to establish relationships between the types of
accidents and their main causes. The group analyzed will be composed of workers in the electrical sector
and accident report forms, interviews with workers, supervisors, and documentary review of previous
investigation reports will be used. Results: Among the most relevant factors that cause accidents in the
electricity sector in Colombia are: Direct and indirect contact with energized sources, violation of safety
distances, improper handling of equipment and networks, unsafe acts and omission of personal
protection implements, electric arc, overconfidence and lack of training, organizational and management
factors
Keywords: occupational accident, unsafe act, prevention measures, electrical hazard, electric arc
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Causas Generadoras de Accidentes Trabajo en el Sector Eléctrico
Colombiano Un Análisis Integral
RESUMEN
Introducción: El sector eléctrico colombiano representa uno de los entornos laborales de mayor riesgo,
donde la exposición constante a la energía eléctrica, la manipulación de equipos especializados y las
condiciones operativas complejas incrementan significativamente la probabilidad de accidentes de trabajo.
A pesar de los avances en normativas y sistemas de gestión en seguridad, la accidentalidad sigue siendo
un desafío relevante, con consecuencias que van desde lesiones leves hasta la pérdida de vidas humanas.
Las investigaciones recientes evidencian que factores como la interacción inmediata o mediada con fuentes
energizadas, la descarga eléctrica de alto voltaje, la manipulación inadecuada de equipos, la omisión a
normas de protección y la limitada formación del personal técnico son las causas más recurrentes de estos
incidentes. El análisis integral de estas causas permite no solo identificar los factores de riesgo
predominantes, sino también comprender el impacto que tienen sobre el resguardo del estado físico de los
empleados y la operación de las empresas del sector. En este contexto, la comprensión de la accidentalidad
laboral en el sector eléctrico colombiano se convierte en un paso fundamental para la formulación de
estrategias preventivas eficaces, el fenómeno de un entorno preventivo y la reducción de la incidencia de
accidentes graves y fatales. Este artículo aborda de manera detallada los factores que originan siniestros
en el campo laboral eléctrico nacional, contribuyendo al conocimiento y las acciones definidas a la
protección del recurso humano y la mejora continua de las condiciones laborales. Objetivo Identificar los
principales orígenes de accidentes ocupacionales en el sector eléctrico colombiano. Metodología: La
metodología propuesta es de enfoque cuantitativo y descriptivo, orientada a identificar, los orígenes
generadores de siniestros laborales en la industria eléctrica colombiana. Se emplea la obtención y estudio
estadístico de información para establecer relaciones entre los tipos de accidentes y sus causas principales,
el grupo analizado estará compuesto por los trabajadores del sector eléctrico y se utilizarán formularios de
reporte de accidentes, entrevistas a trabajadores, supervisores, y revisión documental de informes de
investigación previos. Resultados: Dentro los factores más relevantes que originan siniestros en el sector
eléctrico en Colombia se destacan: Contacto directo e indirecto con fuentes energizadas, violación de
distancias de seguridad, manipulación inadecuada de equipos y redes, actos inseguros y omisión de
implementos de resguardo personal, arco eléctrico, exceso de confianza y falta de capacitación, factores
organizacionales y de gestión
Palabras clave: accidente de trabajo, acto inseguro, medidas de prevención, peligro eléctrico, arco
eléctrico
Artículo recibido: 7 marzo 2025
Aceptado para publicación: 15 abril 2025
pág. 7489
INTRODUCTION
The Colombian electrical sector is characterized as one of the work environments with the highest level
of risk, due to the constant exposure of workers to electrical energy, the handling of specialized
equipment, and the complexity of operational conditions. Despite advances in regulations and safety
management systems, occupational accidents continue to pose a significant challenge for organizations
in the sector, with consequences ranging from minor injuries to the loss of human life.
Recent studies and national statistics show that the most predominant factors in workplace accidents in
the industry include direct or indirect interaction with energized sources, electric arcs, improper handling
of equipment and networks, negligence in wearing personal protective equipment, and violations of
safety distances established by current regulations. These factors, combined with deficiencies in training
and preventive management of fatality, increase the likelihood of dangerous situations that affect both
the physical safety of personnel and the operational continuity of companies.
Understanding the root causes of accidents in the Colombian electrical sector is essential for establishing
preventive action plans, strengthening the safety culture, and reducing the frequency of serious and fatal
incidents. This article presents a comprehensive analysis addressing the common causes of occupational
accidents in the national electrical sector, providing essential data for the formulation of policies aimed
at protecting human resources and promoting continuous workplace improvement.
Despite advances in regulation and the implementation of safety protocols, the lack of rigorous
enforcement of regulatory standards and an insufficient culture of prevention continue to increase
worker vulnerability. This situation not only has severe effects on employee well-being, but also impacts
the operational efficiency and sustainability of companies in the sector. Therefore, analyzing the root
causes of incidents in the Colombian electrical industry is necessary to identify predominant risk areas
and propose effective risk mitigation and control plans, thus contributing to the protection of human
resources and the continuous optimization of working conditions.
Background
In Colombia, occupational accidents remain a significant challenge for occupational health and safety,
with figures that, although showing declines in some recent periods, continue to be a major concern in
high-risk sectors such as the electrical industry. In 2023, 522,160 occupational accidents were reported
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in the country, recording 4.42 incidents per 100 workers, and an associated mortality rate of 5.88 deaths
per 100,000 workers-the highest since 2017. While sectors such as healthcare, civil works, and mining
account for the highest number of accidents and deaths, the electrical sector stands out for the severity
of its incidents, especially those related to electrocutions, electric arcs, and failures to comply with safety
regulations.
The analysis and research are based on current Colombian regulations, including Decree 1072 of 2015,
Decree 1295 of 1994, Decree 2463 of 2001, and the Technical Regulation of Electrical Installations
(RETIE), which establish guidelines for the prevention, reporting, and investigation of occupational
accidents.
Colombian regulations, led by the Ministry of Mines and Energy and agencies such as the CREG
(Energy and Gas Regulatory Commission), have established strict rules for the prevention of electrical
accidents. The Technical Regulation of Electrical Installations (RETIE) and the Colombian Electrical
Code (NTC 2050) set technical and safety requirements aimed at minimizing the inherent risks of the
electrical process from its origin to consumption. These regulations require the use of personal protective
equipment, safe work procedures, and ongoing worker training to ensure safe and efficient work
environments.
However, despite the existence of these regulations and advances in electrical risk management,
accidents in the sector persist due to factors such as improper handling of equipment, non-compliance
with protocols, lack of specialized training, and omission of preventive measures. Studying the causal
elements of accidents in the Colombian electrical industry is essential to identify predominant risk
factors and guide the formulation of effective prevention and control strategies, thus contributing to the
protection of human resources and the continuous improvement of industry conditions.
In Colombia, occupational accidents are a persistent and high-impact issue, especially in sectors
considered high risk, such as the electrical sector. In 2023, 561,977 work-related incidents were reported
in the country, with an annual rate of 4.40 accidents per 100 workers. Although the electricity supply
sector represents a small percentage of the national total (1,192 accidents, equivalent to 0.23% of
occupational accidents in 2023), the severity and potential lethality of electrical incidents make it a
priority sector for risk management.
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Geographically, departments such as Magdalena, Caldas, Antioquia, Meta, and Risaralda have the
highest rates of occupational accidents, while Bogotá D.C. records the highest absolute number of
reported events. The data show that, although the frequency of incidents in the electrical industry is
lower compared to other sectors like construction, the risks associated with handling energy
infrastructure and exposure to energized sources maintain high levels of mortality and serious injuries.
Strict compliance with safe work procedures and technical standards, such as the Technical Regulation
of Electrical Installations (RETIE), has been key to maintaining a low frequency of accidents in the
electrical sector. However, factors such as the high level of subcontracting, business competitiveness,
and productivity pressures can affect adherence to these standards, increasing the vulnerability of
personnel exposed to electrical hazards.
In this context, studying the reasons behind workplace incidents in the Colombian electrical sector is
essential to identify predominant risk factors and strengthen preventive measures aimed at preserving
the integrity and well-being of workers and improving safety conditions in the industry.
The low frequency of accidents in the electrical sector, compared to other sectors such as construction,
is attributed to the development and strict compliance with safe work procedures and operating
standards, with the Technical Regulation of Electrical Installations (RETIE) being a key reference for
the prevention of serious incidents. However, factors such as the high level of subcontracting and
competitive pressure can affect adherence to these regulations, increasing workers' vulnerability to
electrical risks.
Therefore, although the number of workplace incidents in the electrical field is proportionally low, the
severity and potential lethality of these events justify the need to strengthen risk management and
supervision of regulatory compliance regarding electrical safety in Colombia.
If you need this translation adjusted for a particular context or shortened for a summary, let me know!
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METHODOLOGY
The research employs a quantitative and descriptive approach, aimed at identifying the root causes of
incidents in the Colombian electrical sector. This approach allows for measuring the frequency and
impact of the causes, as well as establishing relationships between the types of accidents and their
triggering factors. The information collected will include details about the type of accident,
environmental conditions, equipment involved, and actions taken prior to the event. Interviews will be
conducted with workers and supervisors, along with a documentary review of previous investigation
reports. Historical and current data on occupational accidents of electrical origin in companies within
the sector will be gathered, using internal records, official reports, and accident report forms. The data
will be processed using statistical tools (frequencies, percentages, graphs) to determine the incidence
and relevance of each identified cause. Based on the results, safety protocols and action plans will be
designed to mitigate and manage the most relevant factors. Preventive and corrective measures will be
proposed in alignment with current regulations and best practices in the sector. The study population
consists of workers in the electrical sector, and the sample may include all workers involved in electrical
projects in one or several companies, depending on the scope of the study.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The study of the origins of occupational accidents in the Colombian electrical sector reveals a
combination of technical, organizational, and human factors that contribute to the occurrence of
workplace accidents, many of which have severe or even fatal consequences. The results of various
studies and projects make it possible to identify patterns and propose preventive actions.
Among the most common causes behind workplace accidents in the Colombian electrical sector are:
contact with energized parts-in any form, whether immediate or secondary-which is considered one of
the most frequent causes of accidents, including electric arcs and the improper handling of electrical
tools and systems. Additionally, non-compliance with safety procedures, such as entering restricted
areas and failing to observe minimum safety distances, is a recurring factor in accident reports. Likewise,
many accidents originate from workers not following the procedures established by the company,
despite the existence of specific regulations and training, such as those outlined in Resolution 5018 of
2019.
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The lack of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) or its incorrect use is one of the most common
immediate causes, along with inadequate supervision and training. Poor conditions in the work area,
machines, or tools, and a lack of proper maintenance also increase the risk of accidents. It is important
to highlight organizational and human factors, which include low motivation, pressure to work at high
speed, and a lack of commitment to safety by employees.
The main causes of occupational accidents in the electrical sector are as follows: direct and indirect
contact, electric arc, non-compliance with procedures, lack of or incorrect use of PPE, insufficient
training, deficient equipment and work areas, and organizational and human factors.
Direct and indirect contact 44%, electric arc 36%, failure to follow procedures 10%, lack of or incorrect
use of PPE 5%, insufficient training 3%, deficient equipment and work areas 2%, organizational and
human factors 1%
Figure 1. Causes of Workplace Accidents in the Electrical Sector
Fuente: Pabon,H.(2025)
The current regulations applicable to work in the electrical sector in Colombia to ensure the
implementation of legal and safety guidelines mainly include:
Law 142 of 1994: Public Utilities Law, which regulates the provision of essential public services,
including electricity, establishing principles of regulation, rights and obligations of users and providers,
and the subsidy regime.
44%
36%
10%
5% 3% 2% 1%
Causes of Occupational Accidents in the Electrical
Sector
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Law 143 of 1994: Specific law for the electrical sector that defines the functions of the Ministry of
Mines and Energy, sector planning, the structure and functions of the Energy and Gas Regulatory
Commission (CREG), and energy transaction mechanisms. It also establishes the separation of activities
in the electricity production chain (generation, transmission, distribution, commercialization).
Decree 1073 of 2015: Single Regulatory Decree of the Administrative Sector of Mines and Energy,
which compiles and regulates provisions for the energy sector, including specialized, operational, and
safety details.
Recent decrees and resolutions (2025) that add and update the regulation, such as: Decree that regulates
the Colombia Solar Program and the self-generation of solar energy for certain socioeconomic strata.
Resolution 40024 of 2025, which establishes temporary provisions to optimize energy infrastructure and
guarantee the availability and security of supply. CREG Resolution 101 070 of 2025, which regulates
the use of connection assets for generation and demand in the National Interconnected System. These
standards make up the legal framework that obliges companies and workers in the electrical sector to
comply with safety, efficient operation, and maintenance standards.
In 2019, the accident rate due to electrical risk in Colombia was 11.7%, with 1,029 cases of incidents
related to electrical failures reported nationwide, of which 372 occurred in Bogotá and 22 resulted in
deaths
In studies of specific companies, such as Industelc and Postobón S.A., it was identified that the majority
of accidents are related to the absence of individual safety equipment, inadequate supervision and
insufficient training
In the Department of Cauca, 21 deaths were reported due to electrical accidents between 2016 and 2020,
with direct contact, violation of restricted areas and unsafe acts being the main causes.
The information available on the percentages of work accidents in the electrical sector by department in
Colombia (2019-2023) allows us to identify the departments with the highest relative incidence of work
accidents, although the specific data by department for the electrical sector is limited and is generally
presented in conjunction with related sectors (electric, gas and water).
Based on the information available for the period 2019-2023, the departments with the highest
percentage or rate of work accidents in the electrical sector and related sectors in Colombia are:
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Magdalena: Increase in the frequency of work accidents in general, registering 6.50 accidents per
hundred employees in 2023, remaining in first place for five consecutive years. Caldas: Second highest
rate with 5.76 accidents per 100 workers. Antioquia: Third with 5.74 accidents per 100 workers. Goal:
5.65 accidents per 100 workers. Risaralda: 5.44 accidents per 100 workers.
Figure 2 Work Accidents in the Electrical Sector by Department (2019-2023)
Fuente: Pabon,H.(2025)
To mitigate risks and avoid the recurrence of serious or fatal accidents in the electrical sector in
Colombia, the following specific actions are recommended: Perform work without voltage whenever
possible, applying lockout and marking procedures (LOTO) to eliminate electrical risk before starting
work, train and certify employees according to their level of competence (users, authorized, qualified)
to ensure that only qualified personnel perform live or high-risk work, control the level and duration of
contact with sources of electrical risk through controls administrative and adequate work planning.
Properly use and maintain self-protection elements such as dielectric gloves, insulating helmets,
harnesses, reinforced boots and face protectors, adapted to each type of task, plan and organize the work
considering the prior risk assessment, avoiding unsafe conditions such as humidity, defective cables or
areas without adequate signage. Maintain electrical installations, tools and equipment in optimal
conditions through rigorous preventive and corrective maintenance in order to prevent errors that cause
electric arcs or discharges. Develop awareness about security and self-protection, prohibiting unsafe
6,50%
5,76% 5,74% 5,65%
5,44%
Magdalena Caldas Antioquia Meta Risaralda
Work Accidents in the Electrical Sector by
Department (2019-2023)
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practices such as removing safety devices, operating equipment without authorization or performing
maintenance on energized networks.
Implement supervision, task observation and incident reporting programs to continually improve
preventive measures and avoid the repetition of accidents. Train and endorse knowledge in safe practices
when working at heights, given that many activities in the sector involve risks of falling, complementing
electrical prevention with specific measures for heights.
These comprehensive actions, based on current regulations and good practices, contribute to
significantly reducing serious and fatal accidents in the national electrical environment.
Within the Colombian electricity industry, a comprehensive analysis is reflected that identifies multiple
interrelated factors that contribute to the high accident rate in this sector. Among the most relevant
points, the human factor stands out as the main cause: between 74% and 90% of accidents are attributed
to human errors, unsafe acts and behaviors that fail to comply with established procedures, which shows
a low risk awareness and lack of adequate training in electrical safety.
Non-compliance with technical standards and safety distances: Many incidents are related to neglect of
mandatory protection spaces and ignorance or non-compliance with current regulations, which increases
exposure to electrical risks. Unsafe conditions and failures in the maintenance of defective equipment,
poor maintenance, rust accumulation and carelessness in maintenance work are frequent causes that
generate electrical arcs, short circuits and other failures that cause accidents.
Direct contact with energized parts and indirect contact due to insulation or grounding failures are
common sources of accidents, often aggravated by the lack of personal protective equipment or its
improper use. The presence of humidity, adverse weather conditions and locational risks also influence
the occurrence of accidents, increasing the danger of activities. Low training and lack of awareness
about electrical risks among workers and employers is noted as a critical factor that must be addressed
to reduce mortality and accident frequency. The application of regulations such as Resolution 1401 of
2007 to investigate root causes and establish corrective measures is essential to understand and mitigate
risks in the sector.
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CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of accidents in the Colombian electrical professional environment is not solely due to
direct electrical risk, but to a combination of associated factors, such as lack of training, non-compliance
with procedures, poor maintenance of equipment, inadequate supervision and incorrect use of personal
protective elements.
A significant percentage of accidents are related to professional negligence and lack of solid protection
habits within companies. Workers' overconfidence and lack of knowledge about preventive protocols
increase the likelihood of serious or fatal incidents.
Statistics show that accidents due to electrical risk represent a significant proportion of the total accident
rate in the sector, with consequences that can range from minor injuries to death, especially when
combined with other sources of danger such as working at heights.
The implementation of occupational health and safety (OSH) management systems, as required by
Colombian regulations (e.g., Resolution 5018 of 2019), is essential, but their effectiveness depends on
continuous training, constant supervision and rigorous application of safe work procedures.
It is essential to adopt a comprehensive approach to risk management, which includes the detection and
regulation of all existing hazards in electrical activities, not just electrical risk, to achieve a real and
sustainable reduction in workplace accidents.
It is recommended to strengthen the training and awareness of workers, improve preventive maintenance
programs, reinforce supervision and promote the active commitment of each person and the group in
forecasting
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