RISK FACTORS INFLUENCING PREGNANCY
AMONG ADOLESCENTS TREATED AT A
MATERNAL AND CHILD HOSPITAL IN
GUERRERO, MEXICO
FACTORES DE RIESGO QUE INFLUYEN EN EL EMBARAZO
EN ADOLESCENTES ATENDIDAS EN UN HOSPITAL
MATERNOINFANTIL DE GUERRERO, MÉXICO
Nelissa Rodríguez Dorantes
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México
Maribel Sepúlveda Covarrubias
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México
Martha Leticia Sánchez Castillo
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México
Imelda Socorro Hernández Nava
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México
Mirjan Alexa Molina Márquez
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México
María del Carmen Romero Ramón
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México
Lucero de Guadalupe Mónico Ramírez
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México
pág. 17110
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v9i5.21235
Risk Factors Influencing Pregnancy Among Adolescents Treated at a
Maternal and Child Hospital in Guerrero, Mexico
Nelissa Rodríguez Dorantes1
nelissa_frodo@hotmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2345-8906
Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences
and Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
México
Maribel Sepúlveda Covarrubias
06880@uagro.mx
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3764-5219
Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
México
Martha Leticia Sánchez Castillo
05571@uagro.mx
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-1493
Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
México
Imelda Socorro Hernández Nava
03011@uagro.mx
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6718-5367
Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
Chilpancingo – México
Mirjan Alexa Molina Márquez
17424937@uagro.mx
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8465-0185
Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
México
María del Carmen Romero Ramón
20408859@uagro.mx
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9332-4596
Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
México.
Lucero de Guadalupe Mónico Ramírez
20400387@uagro.mx
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1977-6923
Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
México
1 Autor principal
Correspondncia: nelissa_frodo@hotmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v9i5.21235
Risk Factors Influencing Pregnancy Among Adolescents Treated at a
Maternal and Child Hospital in Guerrero, Mexico
Nelissa Rodríguez Dorantes1
nelissa_frodo@hotmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2345-8906
Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences
and Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
México
Maribel Sepúlveda Covarrubias
06880@uagro.mx
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3764-5219
Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
México
Martha Leticia Sánchez Castillo
05571@uagro.mx
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-1493
Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
México
Imelda Socorro Hernández Nava
03011@uagro.mx
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6718-5367
Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
Chilpancingo – México
Mirjan Alexa Molina Márquez
17424937@uagro.mx
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8465-0185
Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
México
María del Carmen Romero Ramón
20408859@uagro.mx
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9332-4596
Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
México.
Lucero de Guadalupe Mónico Ramírez
20400387@uagro.mx
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1977-6923
Higher School of Nursing No. 1
Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, UAGro
México
1 Autor principal
Correspondncia: nelissa_frodo@hotmail.com
pág. 17111
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a multifactorial problem, with a high risk of complications for the
mother, fetus and newborn. Guerrero ranks second in teenage pregnancies, with more than 3,000 cases
in women under 19 years of age. Objective: To determine the risk factors that influence pregnancy in
adolescents treated at a maternal and child hospital. Methodology: Quantitative research, cross-
sectional descriptive design, 120 pregnant adolescents attending the hospital were interviewed, a
validated instrument was used to determine the factors that influenced their pregnancy. Results: The
most frequent age was 17 years (27%), 52% report being in a free union, the most frequent age of onset
of sexual life is 17 years (29%). 32% have a partner between 20 and 23 years of age, 62% have a history
of teenage pregnancy in their family, 71% have knowledge about family planning methods, 76% did
not use any family planning method during their first sexual intercourse. Conclusion: The factors that
influence teenage pregnancy are: personal (age, marital status and education), family (relationship with
the family, history of teenage pregnancy in the family) and sociocultural (conversations about sexuality,
knowledge about contraceptive methods and use in the first sexual relationship)
Keywords: adolescent pregnancy, risk factors, sex life
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a multifactorial problem, with a high risk of complications for the
mother, fetus and newborn. Guerrero ranks second in teenage pregnancies, with more than 3,000 cases
in women under 19 years of age. Objective: To determine the risk factors that influence pregnancy in
adolescents treated at a maternal and child hospital. Methodology: Quantitative research, cross-
sectional descriptive design, 120 pregnant adolescents attending the hospital were interviewed, a
validated instrument was used to determine the factors that influenced their pregnancy. Results: The
most frequent age was 17 years (27%), 52% report being in a free union, the most frequent age of onset
of sexual life is 17 years (29%). 32% have a partner between 20 and 23 years of age, 62% have a history
of teenage pregnancy in their family, 71% have knowledge about family planning methods, 76% did
not use any family planning method during their first sexual intercourse. Conclusion: The factors that
influence teenage pregnancy are: personal (age, marital status and education), family (relationship with
the family, history of teenage pregnancy in the family) and sociocultural (conversations about sexuality,
knowledge about contraceptive methods and use in the first sexual relationship)
Keywords: adolescent pregnancy, risk factors, sex life
pág. 17112
Factores de Riesgo que Influyen en el Embarazo en Adolescentes Atendidas
en un Hospital Maternoinfantil de Guerrero, México
RESUMEN
Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de origen multifactorial, con alto riesgo
de complicaciones para la madre, el feto y el neonato. Guerrero ocupa el segundo lugar en embarazos
adolescentes, más de 3000 casos de menores de 19 años Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo
que influyen en el embarazo de adolescentes atendidas en un hospital materno infantil. Metodología:
Investigación cuantitativa, diseño descriptivo transversal, se entrevistaron 120 adolescentes
embarazadas que asisten al hospital, se utilizó un instrumento validado para determinar los factores que
influyeron en su embarazo. Resultados: La edad más frecuente fue 17 años (27%), el 52% refieren estar
en unión libre, la edad más frecuente de inicio de vida sexual es de 17 años (29%). El 32%, tiene de 20
a 23 años de edad su pareja, 62% presentan antecedentes de embarazo adolescente en su familia, 71%
tienen conocimientos sobre métodos de planificación familiar, 76% no utilizaron ningún método de
planificación familiar durante su primera relación sexual. Conclusión: Los factores que influyen en el
embarazo adolescente son: personales (edad, estado civil y escolaridad), familiares (relación con la
familia, antecedentes de embarazo adolescente en la familia) y socioculturales (conversaciones sobre
sexualidad, conocimientos sobre métodos anticonceptivos y uso en la primera relación sexual)
Palabras clave: embarazo adolescente, factores de riesgo, vida sexual
Artículo recibido 25 setiembre 2025
Aceptado para publicación: 25 octubre 2025
Factores de Riesgo que Influyen en el Embarazo en Adolescentes Atendidas
en un Hospital Maternoinfantil de Guerrero, México
RESUMEN
Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de origen multifactorial, con alto riesgo
de complicaciones para la madre, el feto y el neonato. Guerrero ocupa el segundo lugar en embarazos
adolescentes, más de 3000 casos de menores de 19 años Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo
que influyen en el embarazo de adolescentes atendidas en un hospital materno infantil. Metodología:
Investigación cuantitativa, diseño descriptivo transversal, se entrevistaron 120 adolescentes
embarazadas que asisten al hospital, se utilizó un instrumento validado para determinar los factores que
influyeron en su embarazo. Resultados: La edad más frecuente fue 17 años (27%), el 52% refieren estar
en unión libre, la edad más frecuente de inicio de vida sexual es de 17 años (29%). El 32%, tiene de 20
a 23 años de edad su pareja, 62% presentan antecedentes de embarazo adolescente en su familia, 71%
tienen conocimientos sobre métodos de planificación familiar, 76% no utilizaron ningún método de
planificación familiar durante su primera relación sexual. Conclusión: Los factores que influyen en el
embarazo adolescente son: personales (edad, estado civil y escolaridad), familiares (relación con la
familia, antecedentes de embarazo adolescente en la familia) y socioculturales (conversaciones sobre
sexualidad, conocimientos sobre métodos anticonceptivos y uso en la primera relación sexual)
Palabras clave: embarazo adolescente, factores de riesgo, vida sexual
Artículo recibido 25 setiembre 2025
Aceptado para publicación: 25 octubre 2025
pág. 17113
INTRODUCTION
Teenage pregnancy is a multifactorial problem with a high risk of complications for the mother, fetus,
and newborn. Adolescents begin their sexual lives at an early age; studies indicate that they start at an
average age of 13-16 years (Rodríguez M, 2018). Unprotected sex makes them vulnerable to risky
situations such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (Librado et al.,
2024).
Understanding the significant impact of teenage pregnancy on society is crucial, as it is a multifactorial
social phenomenon. Teenage pregnancy not only affects the health of adolescents and their children,
but also their opportunities to continue their education, their life plans, and their social and cultural
relationships, among other aspects.
According to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in 2020, “approximately 18 million
adolescents become pregnant worldwide each year,” and the fertility rate is “46 births per 1,000 girls;
however, in Latin America and the Caribbean, it is 66.5 births per 1,000 girls between the ages of 15
and 19.” This constitutes a true social tragedy, given that complications during pregnancy and childbirth
are the second leading cause of death among adolescents aged 15 to 19, in addition to reducing their
chances of achieving their personal development goals and having a good quality of life.
It should be noted that Latin America and the Caribbean has the second highest rate of teenage
pregnancy in the world. Furthermore, it is estimated that almost 18% of births in the region are to
mothers under 20 years of age. Each year, around one and a half million adolescents between the ages
of 15 and 19 give birth. (UNFPA 2021).
According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in 2021, having a child at a young age in
a Latin American country costs an average of 0.38% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per year.
Analyzing the figures for each nation, the countries with the highest costs were found to be: Panama
(0.79%), Colombia (0.58%), Peru (0.56%), Paraguay (0.35%), Mexico (0.34%), Guatemala (0.33%),
Ecuador (0.26%), and Argentina (0.20%). In the case of Mexico, according to data from UNAM 2021,
the country ranks first worldwide in teenage pregnancies, identifying that 23% of adolescents begin
their sexual life between the ages of 12 and 14, and according to figures from the National Population
Council (CNP), in 2020, it begins at an average age of 15.5 years and Statistics from the National
INTRODUCTION
Teenage pregnancy is a multifactorial problem with a high risk of complications for the mother, fetus,
and newborn. Adolescents begin their sexual lives at an early age; studies indicate that they start at an
average age of 13-16 years (Rodríguez M, 2018). Unprotected sex makes them vulnerable to risky
situations such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (Librado et al.,
2024).
Understanding the significant impact of teenage pregnancy on society is crucial, as it is a multifactorial
social phenomenon. Teenage pregnancy not only affects the health of adolescents and their children,
but also their opportunities to continue their education, their life plans, and their social and cultural
relationships, among other aspects.
According to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in 2020, “approximately 18 million
adolescents become pregnant worldwide each year,” and the fertility rate is “46 births per 1,000 girls;
however, in Latin America and the Caribbean, it is 66.5 births per 1,000 girls between the ages of 15
and 19.” This constitutes a true social tragedy, given that complications during pregnancy and childbirth
are the second leading cause of death among adolescents aged 15 to 19, in addition to reducing their
chances of achieving their personal development goals and having a good quality of life.
It should be noted that Latin America and the Caribbean has the second highest rate of teenage
pregnancy in the world. Furthermore, it is estimated that almost 18% of births in the region are to
mothers under 20 years of age. Each year, around one and a half million adolescents between the ages
of 15 and 19 give birth. (UNFPA 2021).
According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in 2021, having a child at a young age in
a Latin American country costs an average of 0.38% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per year.
Analyzing the figures for each nation, the countries with the highest costs were found to be: Panama
(0.79%), Colombia (0.58%), Peru (0.56%), Paraguay (0.35%), Mexico (0.34%), Guatemala (0.33%),
Ecuador (0.26%), and Argentina (0.20%). In the case of Mexico, according to data from UNAM 2021,
the country ranks first worldwide in teenage pregnancies, identifying that 23% of adolescents begin
their sexual life between the ages of 12 and 14, and according to figures from the National Population
Council (CNP), in 2020, it begins at an average age of 15.5 years and Statistics from the National
pág. 17114
Institute of Perinatology 2019, indicate that it happens at an average age of 14.6 years.
According to statistical reports from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) (2018),
in Mexico, 17.5% of registered births were to adolescent mothers. In Nuevo León, this figure was 15.7%
(National Institute of Statistics and Geography INEGI) (2019). Furthermore, adolescent pregnancy is
considered a multifactorial problem, with individual, family, and sociocultural factors influencing
adolescents to make risky decisions and become pregnant. (Mendoza, A. et al. 2016)
In 2021, the states that reported the highest percentage of teenage pregnancies were: Chihuahua
(18.2%), Guerrero (18%), Durango (17.6%), Puebla (17.5%), Chiapas (17.4%), Tlaxcala (17%),
Veracruz (16.9%), and Coahuila (16.6%) among girls aged 15 to 19. (INEGI, 2021).
Similarly, according to data from the 2020 Population and Housing Census, Guerrero ranks second in
teenage pregnancies, with more than 3,000 cases of pregnant girls under 19 years of age in the
municipalities of Acapulco, Chilpancingo, Chilapa, Tlapa, Zihuatanejo, and Iguala. (Guerrero
Congress, Covarrubias, 2022).
During 2021, there were 10,844 births to adolescent mothers between the ages of 15 and 19. These
figures (both under 20 years old) represent 17.1% of the total births in the state (65,587 cases),
according to data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI).
Given the early onset of sexual activity due to inadequate sexual and reproductive health education,
which leads most adolescents to engage in unprotected sex, as well as the lack of interest from both
authorities and adolescents themselves in learning about different contraceptive methods, the low level
of education in some cases has led adolescents to engage in risky sexual practices. (Beltrán J. 2023).
The environment in which they develop and the social interaction they maintain in search of greater
approval from older people, cause adolescents to seek these types of activities at an early age. The
excess of taboos that both parents and adolescents have about sexual matters has not been eradicated;
therefore, young people maintain the same pattern of pregnancies.
Teenage pregnancy is a serious problem affecting millions of women worldwide. The situation can be
due to various factors, but the context is often similar. However, it is crucial to understand the causes
of teenage pregnancy, the associated risks, and the consequences it can have on the mother, the child,
and even the family.
Institute of Perinatology 2019, indicate that it happens at an average age of 14.6 years.
According to statistical reports from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) (2018),
in Mexico, 17.5% of registered births were to adolescent mothers. In Nuevo León, this figure was 15.7%
(National Institute of Statistics and Geography INEGI) (2019). Furthermore, adolescent pregnancy is
considered a multifactorial problem, with individual, family, and sociocultural factors influencing
adolescents to make risky decisions and become pregnant. (Mendoza, A. et al. 2016)
In 2021, the states that reported the highest percentage of teenage pregnancies were: Chihuahua
(18.2%), Guerrero (18%), Durango (17.6%), Puebla (17.5%), Chiapas (17.4%), Tlaxcala (17%),
Veracruz (16.9%), and Coahuila (16.6%) among girls aged 15 to 19. (INEGI, 2021).
Similarly, according to data from the 2020 Population and Housing Census, Guerrero ranks second in
teenage pregnancies, with more than 3,000 cases of pregnant girls under 19 years of age in the
municipalities of Acapulco, Chilpancingo, Chilapa, Tlapa, Zihuatanejo, and Iguala. (Guerrero
Congress, Covarrubias, 2022).
During 2021, there were 10,844 births to adolescent mothers between the ages of 15 and 19. These
figures (both under 20 years old) represent 17.1% of the total births in the state (65,587 cases),
according to data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI).
Given the early onset of sexual activity due to inadequate sexual and reproductive health education,
which leads most adolescents to engage in unprotected sex, as well as the lack of interest from both
authorities and adolescents themselves in learning about different contraceptive methods, the low level
of education in some cases has led adolescents to engage in risky sexual practices. (Beltrán J. 2023).
The environment in which they develop and the social interaction they maintain in search of greater
approval from older people, cause adolescents to seek these types of activities at an early age. The
excess of taboos that both parents and adolescents have about sexual matters has not been eradicated;
therefore, young people maintain the same pattern of pregnancies.
Teenage pregnancy is a serious problem affecting millions of women worldwide. The situation can be
due to various factors, but the context is often similar. However, it is crucial to understand the causes
of teenage pregnancy, the associated risks, and the consequences it can have on the mother, the child,
and even the family.
pág. 17115
To prevent teenage pregnancies, education in gender equality and policies that empower women and
their rights in society are essential. This approach seeks to achieve the best way to change traditions,
social roles, and improve socioeconomic conditions. Poverty has a direct link to teenage pregnancy.
The information obtained through this study helped identify the factors that influence teenage
pregnancy, as well as the level of knowledge about family planning among adolescents, their
socioeconomic status, the psychological impact of early pregnancy, and its academic effects, assessing
whether it contributes to school dropout. This study was conducted to determine the factors that
contribute to teenage pregnancy among patients at a maternal and child hospital in the state of
Guerrero, México.
METHODOLOGY
This qualitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study, using non-random convenience sampling, was
conducted between March and April 2024 at a maternal and child hospital located in the municipality
of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, which was attending to 120 pregnant adolescents during that period. Of
these patients, 90 agreed to participate in the study by providing informed consent. Participants were
interviewed using the instrument entitled “Survey to Determine Risk Factors Influencing Adolescent
Pregnancy,” which had a Cronbach's alpha validation of 0.807.The instrument consists of 23 questions
divided into three sections: Section I: Personal Factors, Section II: Non-modifiable Family Factors, and
Section III: Sociocultural Factors. The study began with a visit to the hospital, during which the
necessary authorizations were obtained. Sampling was conducted using convenience sampling, selected
by hospital administrators. The sample consisted of pregnant adolescents who attended outpatient,
rooming-in, and emergency services during March and April 2024. The interviews were conducted at
the hospital, in a consultation room that was specially prepared to ensure privacy, confidentiality, and
comfort for the pregnant adolescent. The research objective was explained beforehand, and informed
consent was obtained. The survey data were collected and analyzed using SPSS V21 statistical software,
after the creation of a coding table and data matrix. A descriptive analysis with frequencies and an
inferential analysis were performed.
To prevent teenage pregnancies, education in gender equality and policies that empower women and
their rights in society are essential. This approach seeks to achieve the best way to change traditions,
social roles, and improve socioeconomic conditions. Poverty has a direct link to teenage pregnancy.
The information obtained through this study helped identify the factors that influence teenage
pregnancy, as well as the level of knowledge about family planning among adolescents, their
socioeconomic status, the psychological impact of early pregnancy, and its academic effects, assessing
whether it contributes to school dropout. This study was conducted to determine the factors that
contribute to teenage pregnancy among patients at a maternal and child hospital in the state of
Guerrero, México.
METHODOLOGY
This qualitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study, using non-random convenience sampling, was
conducted between March and April 2024 at a maternal and child hospital located in the municipality
of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, which was attending to 120 pregnant adolescents during that period. Of
these patients, 90 agreed to participate in the study by providing informed consent. Participants were
interviewed using the instrument entitled “Survey to Determine Risk Factors Influencing Adolescent
Pregnancy,” which had a Cronbach's alpha validation of 0.807.The instrument consists of 23 questions
divided into three sections: Section I: Personal Factors, Section II: Non-modifiable Family Factors, and
Section III: Sociocultural Factors. The study began with a visit to the hospital, during which the
necessary authorizations were obtained. Sampling was conducted using convenience sampling, selected
by hospital administrators. The sample consisted of pregnant adolescents who attended outpatient,
rooming-in, and emergency services during March and April 2024. The interviews were conducted at
the hospital, in a consultation room that was specially prepared to ensure privacy, confidentiality, and
comfort for the pregnant adolescent. The research objective was explained beforehand, and informed
consent was obtained. The survey data were collected and analyzed using SPSS V21 statistical software,
after the creation of a coding table and data matrix. A descriptive analysis with frequencies and an
inferential analysis were performed.
pág. 17116
RESULTS
The following results were obtained from the three sections into which the survey was divided:
Section I: Personal Factors.
According to the surveys administered to pregnant adolescents, the most frequent age in Section I was
17 years (27%). Regarding marital status, 52% reported being in a common-law union, while 36%
reported being single. 51% reported having a secondary school education, and 6% reported no
schooling. With respect to occupation, 64% reported being homemakers. 63% professed the Catholic
faith. The most frequent age of sexual debut was 17 years (29%), followed by 16 (26%) and 15 (24%).
(Table 1).
Table 1. Personal Factors
Frequency Percentage
AGE
14 4 4%
15 14 16%
16 19 21%
17 24 27%
18 15 17%
19 14 16%
Marital Status
Single 32 36%
Married 11 12%
Common-law union 47 52%
Education
No schooling 5 6%
Primary 27 30%
Secondary 46 51%
High School 12 13%
Occupation
Student 17 19%
Employee 15 17%
Homemaker 58 64%
Religion
Catholic 57 63%
Christian 13 14%
Jehovah's Witness 3 3%
None 17 19%
RESULTS
The following results were obtained from the three sections into which the survey was divided:
Section I: Personal Factors.
According to the surveys administered to pregnant adolescents, the most frequent age in Section I was
17 years (27%). Regarding marital status, 52% reported being in a common-law union, while 36%
reported being single. 51% reported having a secondary school education, and 6% reported no
schooling. With respect to occupation, 64% reported being homemakers. 63% professed the Catholic
faith. The most frequent age of sexual debut was 17 years (29%), followed by 16 (26%) and 15 (24%).
(Table 1).
Table 1. Personal Factors
Frequency Percentage
AGE
14 4 4%
15 14 16%
16 19 21%
17 24 27%
18 15 17%
19 14 16%
Marital Status
Single 32 36%
Married 11 12%
Common-law union 47 52%
Education
No schooling 5 6%
Primary 27 30%
Secondary 46 51%
High School 12 13%
Occupation
Student 17 19%
Employee 15 17%
Homemaker 58 64%
Religion
Catholic 57 63%
Christian 13 14%
Jehovah's Witness 3 3%
None 17 19%
pág. 17117
Age of start of sexual life
13 4 4%
14 7 8%
15 22 24%
16 23 26%
17 26 29%
18 6 7%
19 2 2%
Total 90 100%
Source: Survey to identify risk factors influencing pregnancy in adolescents treated
at a maternal and child hospital, March-April 2024
Section II: Non-Modifiable Family Factors
Regarding the question of with whom they currently live, 52 adolescents (58%) reported currently living
with their partner, followed by 21% with one of their parents, and 14% with both parents. Equal
percentages of 36% indicated they lived with both parents and with one parent before their pregnancy,
while 9% of the adolescents selected "other." 32% of the adolescents indicated that their partner is older
than them, within the 20-23 age range. Analyzing the family factors involved in adolescent pregnancy,
it was observed that 62% of the adolescents had a family history of teenage pregnancy.
Section III: Non-Modifiable Family Factors
When analyzing the sociocultural factors that influence teenage pregnancy, it was found that 24
adolescents reported having had conversations about sexuality with their mother (27%), followed by
24% who mentioned friends and 23% with their partner. In contrast, the least frequent option, at 4%,
was siblings. 71% of the pregnant adolescents (64) had knowledge about family planning methods,
while the other 29% indicated they did not. An alarming finding was that 76% of the adolescents did
not use any family planning method during their first sexual encounter, revealing a significant lack of
knowledge.
37% of the population reported feeling joyful upon learning of their pregnancy, while 28% indicated
feeling worried, 21% expressed fear, 8% despair, and 7% sadness. These emotions can create a weak
bond between mother and child. Thirty-six percent mentioned that the most influential factor in their
pregnancy was seeking a relationship, while 28% indicated it was due to their partner's insistence, 21%
due to family breakdown, and 6% due to their family's economic situation.
Age of start of sexual life
13 4 4%
14 7 8%
15 22 24%
16 23 26%
17 26 29%
18 6 7%
19 2 2%
Total 90 100%
Source: Survey to identify risk factors influencing pregnancy in adolescents treated
at a maternal and child hospital, March-April 2024
Section II: Non-Modifiable Family Factors
Regarding the question of with whom they currently live, 52 adolescents (58%) reported currently living
with their partner, followed by 21% with one of their parents, and 14% with both parents. Equal
percentages of 36% indicated they lived with both parents and with one parent before their pregnancy,
while 9% of the adolescents selected "other." 32% of the adolescents indicated that their partner is older
than them, within the 20-23 age range. Analyzing the family factors involved in adolescent pregnancy,
it was observed that 62% of the adolescents had a family history of teenage pregnancy.
Section III: Non-Modifiable Family Factors
When analyzing the sociocultural factors that influence teenage pregnancy, it was found that 24
adolescents reported having had conversations about sexuality with their mother (27%), followed by
24% who mentioned friends and 23% with their partner. In contrast, the least frequent option, at 4%,
was siblings. 71% of the pregnant adolescents (64) had knowledge about family planning methods,
while the other 29% indicated they did not. An alarming finding was that 76% of the adolescents did
not use any family planning method during their first sexual encounter, revealing a significant lack of
knowledge.
37% of the population reported feeling joyful upon learning of their pregnancy, while 28% indicated
feeling worried, 21% expressed fear, 8% despair, and 7% sadness. These emotions can create a weak
bond between mother and child. Thirty-six percent mentioned that the most influential factor in their
pregnancy was seeking a relationship, while 28% indicated it was due to their partner's insistence, 21%
due to family breakdown, and 6% due to their family's economic situation.
pág. 17118
The majority of adolescents (90%) reported having a life plan. Of these, 47% stated they want to
complete their studies, while another 20% indicated they want to start a family or obtain a good job.
DISCUSSION
Our research found that, of the 90 pregnant adolescents, 44% were between 16 and 18 years old, while
in terms of schooling, 51% completed secondary education, 52% lived in common-law unions, and 63%
professed the Catholic religion. This differs from the study conducted by Gómez Mercado and Mejía
Sandoval in Colombia, which determined that the prevalence of pregnancy in adolescents between 10
and 19 years old was 17.8%, 69.5% had incomplete secondary education, 65.3% were single, and 34.6%
professed to be Catholic.
In this study, the most frequent age of sexual initiation was 17 years, corresponding to 29%, different
from data from UNAM 2021, which identified that 23% of adolescents begin their sexual life between
12 and 14 years of age, different from the figures of the National Population Council CNP in 2020,
which refer to an average age of 15.5 years and Statistics from the National Institute of Perinatology
INP, which indicate that it happens between 14.6 years on average.
This study reveals that the vast majority of adolescents (71%) are aware of contraceptive methods. 28%
of them indicated that they only know about natural contraceptive methods. However, 76% of the
adolescents surveyed did not use any contraceptive method during their first sexual encounter. This is
similar to the findings of Hannah Canter et al. (USA, 2024), who reported that 71.1% of adolescents
were aware of contraceptive methods, with the long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) being the
least used (15.4%), and 28.9% reporting that they did not use any contraceptive method during their
first sexual encounter.
When analyzing the family factors involved in adolescent pregnancy, it is observed that 62% of
adolescents have a history of adolescent pregnancy in their family, different from the study carried out
by Ochoa, A.K et al (2021) in Latin America and the Caribbean where it reveals that one of the main
risk factors is family history with 47%.
According to the results obtained, we can identify that 36% of the adolescents mentioned that the factor
that most influenced their pregnancy was the search for a relationship, different from the study carried
out by Castañeda, J. et al. 2021 in Peru where they obtained as a result of their study that the most
The majority of adolescents (90%) reported having a life plan. Of these, 47% stated they want to
complete their studies, while another 20% indicated they want to start a family or obtain a good job.
DISCUSSION
Our research found that, of the 90 pregnant adolescents, 44% were between 16 and 18 years old, while
in terms of schooling, 51% completed secondary education, 52% lived in common-law unions, and 63%
professed the Catholic religion. This differs from the study conducted by Gómez Mercado and Mejía
Sandoval in Colombia, which determined that the prevalence of pregnancy in adolescents between 10
and 19 years old was 17.8%, 69.5% had incomplete secondary education, 65.3% were single, and 34.6%
professed to be Catholic.
In this study, the most frequent age of sexual initiation was 17 years, corresponding to 29%, different
from data from UNAM 2021, which identified that 23% of adolescents begin their sexual life between
12 and 14 years of age, different from the figures of the National Population Council CNP in 2020,
which refer to an average age of 15.5 years and Statistics from the National Institute of Perinatology
INP, which indicate that it happens between 14.6 years on average.
This study reveals that the vast majority of adolescents (71%) are aware of contraceptive methods. 28%
of them indicated that they only know about natural contraceptive methods. However, 76% of the
adolescents surveyed did not use any contraceptive method during their first sexual encounter. This is
similar to the findings of Hannah Canter et al. (USA, 2024), who reported that 71.1% of adolescents
were aware of contraceptive methods, with the long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) being the
least used (15.4%), and 28.9% reporting that they did not use any contraceptive method during their
first sexual encounter.
When analyzing the family factors involved in adolescent pregnancy, it is observed that 62% of
adolescents have a history of adolescent pregnancy in their family, different from the study carried out
by Ochoa, A.K et al (2021) in Latin America and the Caribbean where it reveals that one of the main
risk factors is family history with 47%.
According to the results obtained, we can identify that 36% of the adolescents mentioned that the factor
that most influenced their pregnancy was the search for a relationship, different from the study carried
out by Castañeda, J. et al. 2021 in Peru where they obtained as a result of their study that the most
pág. 17119
influential factor was exposure to violence with 5.82%, as well as family functionality with 3.87%,
different from the study carried out by Tiburcio, R. 2022, which states that the lack of economic
resources, education, customs and traditions are the main causes of early pregnancy.
It was found that 24 pregnant adolescents (27%) reported having had conversations about sexuality with
their mother, similar to the study carried out by Reyes V. et al., 2020 in Sonora, which identifies that
the inhibition to ask about contraceptive methods is a factor that contributes to pregnancy, different
from the study carried out by Sánchez, O. et al., (2023) in Mexico where it shows that of the adolescents
surveyed, 51% reported not having received information about pregnancy prevention.
CONCLUSION
This research concludes that the identified factors influencing teenage pregnancy are personal, familial,
and sociocultural. More than a quarter of the adolescents reported that their sexual activity began at age
17. More than a quarter reported that their partner was between 20 and 23 years old. More than half of
the adolescents reported a family history of teenage pregnancies, and less than three-quarters indicated
that they did not use any contraceptive method during their first sexual encounter. Less than half of the
adolescents expressed feeling joy upon learning they were pregnant. When asked what they believed
was the factor that influenced their pregnancy, more than a quarter cited seeking a relationship. These
data are alarming, so it is urgently necessary for health institutions, the education sector, and society to
get involved, offering awareness programs on pregnancy prevention, linked to the education sector to
provide truthful, timely, and reliable information on sexuality and reproduction, as well as for parents,
with the goal of reducing the percentage of teenage pregnancies.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
Beltrán J. & Figueroa L. (2023). Experiencia del adolescente de 15 a 19 años sobre el embarazo no
deseado en alumnos de bachillerato de la preparatoria no. 4 “Pablo Neruda” Taxco de Alarcón,
Guerrero, México. Jóvenes en la ciencia, (Vol.19). Recuperado en:
https://www.jovenesenlaciencia.ugto.mx/index.php/jovenesenlaciencia/article/view/3883
Canter Hannah , Reed Jennifer, Palmer Chella , Stukus Kristin , Michelle Pickett . Uso de
anticonceptivos y riesgo de embarazo entre adolescentes en departamentos de urgencias
pediátricas. Red abierta de JAMA.2024;7(6). doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.18213.
influential factor was exposure to violence with 5.82%, as well as family functionality with 3.87%,
different from the study carried out by Tiburcio, R. 2022, which states that the lack of economic
resources, education, customs and traditions are the main causes of early pregnancy.
It was found that 24 pregnant adolescents (27%) reported having had conversations about sexuality with
their mother, similar to the study carried out by Reyes V. et al., 2020 in Sonora, which identifies that
the inhibition to ask about contraceptive methods is a factor that contributes to pregnancy, different
from the study carried out by Sánchez, O. et al., (2023) in Mexico where it shows that of the adolescents
surveyed, 51% reported not having received information about pregnancy prevention.
CONCLUSION
This research concludes that the identified factors influencing teenage pregnancy are personal, familial,
and sociocultural. More than a quarter of the adolescents reported that their sexual activity began at age
17. More than a quarter reported that their partner was between 20 and 23 years old. More than half of
the adolescents reported a family history of teenage pregnancies, and less than three-quarters indicated
that they did not use any contraceptive method during their first sexual encounter. Less than half of the
adolescents expressed feeling joy upon learning they were pregnant. When asked what they believed
was the factor that influenced their pregnancy, more than a quarter cited seeking a relationship. These
data are alarming, so it is urgently necessary for health institutions, the education sector, and society to
get involved, offering awareness programs on pregnancy prevention, linked to the education sector to
provide truthful, timely, and reliable information on sexuality and reproduction, as well as for parents,
with the goal of reducing the percentage of teenage pregnancies.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
Beltrán J. & Figueroa L. (2023). Experiencia del adolescente de 15 a 19 años sobre el embarazo no
deseado en alumnos de bachillerato de la preparatoria no. 4 “Pablo Neruda” Taxco de Alarcón,
Guerrero, México. Jóvenes en la ciencia, (Vol.19). Recuperado en:
https://www.jovenesenlaciencia.ugto.mx/index.php/jovenesenlaciencia/article/view/3883
Canter Hannah , Reed Jennifer, Palmer Chella , Stukus Kristin , Michelle Pickett . Uso de
anticonceptivos y riesgo de embarazo entre adolescentes en departamentos de urgencias
pediátricas. Red abierta de JAMA.2024;7(6). doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.18213.
pág. 17120
Castañeda J & Santa Cruz H. (2021). Factores de riesgo asociados al embarazo en adolescentes.
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https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/eg/v20n62/en_1695-6141-eg-20-62-109.pdf
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anticonceptivos y riesgo de embarazo entre adolescentes en departamentos de urgencias
pediátricas. Red abierta de JAMA.2024;7(6). doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.18213 .
Delgado E, Ortega D & Arriaga M. (2020). Representaciones sociales sobre el embarazo adolescente
entre adolescentes escolares de la localidad de Colotlán, Jalisco, México. Novedades en
población, (Vol.16) Pág. 18–30. Recuperado en.
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1817-40782020000100018
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https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/eg/v20n62/en_1695-6141-eg-20-62-109.pdf
Consejo Nacional de Población, de. (s.f.). Informes Estatales 2020.
http://www.gob.mx/conapo/documentos/informes-estatales-2020
Canter Hannah , Reed Jennifer, Palmer Chella , Stukus Kristin , Michelle Pickett . Uso de
anticonceptivos y riesgo de embarazo entre adolescentes en departamentos de urgencias
pediátricas. Red abierta de JAMA.2024;7(6). doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.18213 .
Delgado E, Ortega D & Arriaga M. (2020). Representaciones sociales sobre el embarazo adolescente
entre adolescentes escolares de la localidad de Colotlán, Jalisco, México. Novedades en
población, (Vol.16) Pág. 18–30. Recuperado en.
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1817-40782020000100018
Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas (UNFPA) en América Latina y el Caribe. Disponible en:
https://lac.unfpa.org/es/news/am%C3%A9rica-latina-y-el-caribe-tienen-la-segunda-tasa-
m%C3%A1s-alta-de-embarazo-adolescente-en-el-mund-1 https://www.inegi.org.mx/2021
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI 2012) , Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de
las Relaciones en los Hogares (ENDIREH), Microdatos 2021. Disponible en
https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/endireh/2021/#microdatos.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI 2019). (s/f). Tabulados Interactivos-
Genéricoshttps://www.inegi.org.mx/app/tabulados/interactivos/?pxq=Natalidad_Natalidad_02_
e2497dbe-f31a-4743-b2ec-ecb13e1a24a2
Librado González N, dos Santos Monteiro JC, Ramírez Calderón AJ, Nicolas-Santiago M. Programas
de prevención del embarazo adolescente en américa latina desde un enfoque interseccional.
Revisión sistemática. Rev Fac Cien Med [Internet]. 2024 Sept[cited]; 49(3): 64-76. Available
from: https://doi.org/10.29166/rfcmq.v49i3.6730
Mendoza Tascón LA, Claros Benítez DI, Peñaranda Ospina CB. Actividad sexual temprana y
embarazo en la adolescencia: estado del arte. Rev. chil. obstet. Ginecol. 2016; 81(3): 243 - 253
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estudios sobre guerrero, (Vol.5). Pág. 792-800.Recuperado en:
https://revistafesgro.cocytieg.gob.mx/index.php/revista/article/view/778
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América Latina y El Caribe 2009-2019: revisión sistemática. Investig Enferm Imagen Desarr.
2021;23. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.ie23.ffpe
Organización Mundial de la Salud, OMS. (2020). Morbilidad y mortalidad maternas NICHD español.
Recuperado en: https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/maternal-morbidity-mortality
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. América Latina y el Caribe tienen la segunda tasa más alta
de embarazo adolescente en el mundo [Internet].
https://www.paho.org/per/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3983:embarazo-
adolescente-al&Itemid=0
Revista estatal de salud (Órgano de difusión científica) by secretaría de salud de Guerrero—Issuu.
(2014, junio). https://issuu.com/saludguerrero/docs/revista(S/f-f). Edu.ar. de
https://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/objetos_digitales/5989/barrozo-mariela.pdf
Reyes-López, SV, Cordero-Cruz IC, Báez-Hernández FJ, Nava V. Experiencias de las adolescentes
que cursan un embarazo, desde un enfoque cualitativo. SANUS 2020:1.
https://doi.org/10.36789/sanus.vi15.179.
Rodríguez Vignoli J. 2018. Reproducción adolescente y desigualdades en América Latina y el Caribe:
un llamado a la reflexión y a la acción. Santiago de Chile: OIJ, CELADE, CEPAL y UNFPA.
Sepúlveda Covarrubias M. Efectividad de una intervención educativa sobre conocimiento de factores
de riesgo biológicos, psicológicos y socioeconómicos del embarazo en adolescentes de
preparatoria de Tecoanapa Guerrero. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar. 2022.
6(5), 3675-3691. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v6i5.3348
Sánchez O. Bermúdez S. Hernández K & Reyes, A. (2018). Embarazo en adolescentes de las
comunidades indígenas Xochistlahuaca y Tlacoachistlahuaca, de Guerrero, México. Foro de
estudios sobre guerrero, (Vol.5). Pág. 792-800.Recuperado en:
https://revistafesgro.cocytieg.gob.mx/index.php/revista/article/view/778
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entre países integrantes de la OCDE. (s/f). Unam.mx.
https://www.dgcs.unam.mx/boletin/bdboletin/2021_729.html
Universidad Autónoma de México UNAM 2021 Gaceta. Disminuye la edad de inicio de la vida sexual
debido a las redes sociales y a la falta de buena educación.
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anos/ (accessed September 2, 2025).
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Gaceta UNAM. Recuperado en: https://www.gaceta.unam.mx/embarazo-adolescente-grave-
problema-social/
UNFPA. 2021. Prevención del Embarazo Adolescente: Una Mirada Completa a Bolivia, Chile,
Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela. Nueva York: Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas.
Tiburcio R, García M, Carrera M, & Nava J. (2022). Revelar las vivencias de intervención educativa
transcultural de embarazo adolescente en binomio madre-hija un proyecto de vida en comunidad
originaria: Revista de Enfermería Neurológica, (Vol. 21). Pág. 3-14. Recuperado en:
https://doi.org/10.51422/ren.v21i1.353
Venegas M & Valles B (2019). Factores de riesgo que inciden en el embarazo adolescente desde la
perspectiva de estudiantes embarazadas. Pediatría atención primaria, (Vol.21) Pag.109–119.
Recuperado en: https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-
76322019000300006
Villalobos A., Campero L, Suárez L, Atienzo E, Estrada, F & De la Vara E. (2015). Embarazo
adolescente y rezago educativo: Salud pública México (Vol.57) Recuperado en:
https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S003636342015000200008