Mimetismo Vasculogénico: Mecanismo Alterno de Vascularización Adaptado por el Tumor
Resumen
El cáncer es una patología que surge como consecuencia de modificaciones genéticas, epigenéticas y del microambiente y es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial por su alta frecuencia y mortalidad; siendo los más frecuentes el cáncer de mama, pulmón, colorrectal, próstata, hígado y estómago. La mortalidad que se presenta en los pacientes con estos tipos de cáncer está asociada con la presencia de metástasis, es decir, con la formación de tumores secundarios en órganos diferentes donde se originó el tumor primario. La vasculogénesis tumoral es uno de los sellos distintivos del cáncer y participa en el inicio, progresión tumoral y la metástasis de las células cancerosas. Aun cuando se ha descrito que la angiogénesis es el proceso más frecuente durante la vasculogénesis tumoral; recientemente se ha reportado que las células tumorales activan una vía alterna a la angiogénesis, llamada mimetismo vasculogénico. El mimetismo vasculogénico es un proceso vascular que realizan las células cancerosas y que es un mecanismo independiente de las células endoteliales que se desarrolla principalmente en tumores agresivos, en respuesta a la hipoxia y a la terapia anti-angiogénica, aunque actualmente los mecanismos subyacentes a este proceso no han sido dilucidados por completo. Sin embargo, se ha planteado que el microambiente tumoral, los componentes de la matriz extracelular, las células madre cancerosas y los mecanismos como la transición epitelial-mesenquimal tienen un papel importante en este mimetismo vasculogénico. En esta revisión reportamos las principales moléculas y mecanismos que participan en la vascularización del tumor y que promueven la progresión tumoral en cáncer, haciendo énfasis en el mimetismo vasculogénico.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Ana Karen Herrera Vargas , Miguel Ángel Barrera López, Lenin Martínez Gómez , Ana Elvira Zacapala Gomez, Osiris Hilario Fausto, Carlos Anibal Martinez Fierro, Carlos César Patiño Morales, César Sotelo Leyva, Miguel Angel Mendoza Catalán , Napoleón Navarro Tito
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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