Estrategias Didácticas para el Desarrollo del Pensamiento Matemático en Niños de Nivel Inicial: Un Enfoque Lúdico y Constructivista
Resumen
La publicación denominada "Estrategias Didácticas para el Desarrollo del Pensamiento Matemá-tico en Niños de Nivel Inicial: "Un Enfoque Lúdico y Constructivista" examina la adopción de metodologías pedagógicas fundamentadas en el juego y los principios del constructivismo con el objetivo de promover el razonamiento matemático en niños de nivel inicial. En el ámbito de la educación infantil, el fomento del pensamiento lógico-matemático es esencial para la adquisi-ción de competencias cognitivas fundamentales que constituyen el fundamento para el aprendi-zaje futuro. Esta investigación se enfoca en la importancia de incorporar metodologías activas y lúdicas que fomenten la implicación activa de los niños en su propio proceso de aprendizaje, en vez de recurrir a enfoques tradicionales orientados hacia la memorización. La investigación se llevó a cabo a través de un método mixto, integrando análisis tanto cualitativos como cuantitati-vos. La población de estudio comprendió 100 niños de nivel inicial, con edades que oscilaban entre 4 y 6 años. Estos fueron distribuidos en un grupo experimental y en un grupo de control. El conjunto experimental se involucró en actividades estructuradas en base a principios cons-tructivistas, tales como la solución de problemas específicos, juegos matemáticos interactivos y actividades manipulativas. Por el contrario, el grupo de control adoptó una metodología conven-cional fundamentada en la repetición y la utilización de fichas de trabajo. Los hallazgos cuanti-tativos indicaron que los niños pertenecientes al grupo experimental exhibieron un progreso no-table en competencias matemáticas tales como el conteo, la clasificación, la seriación y la reso-lución de problemas fundamentales, con una mejora promedio del 35% en las evaluaciones post-intervención. En contraste, el grupo de control únicamente evidenció una mejora del 15%. Los hallazgos cualitativos, derivados de observaciones y entrevistas con educadores, enfatizaron que la implementación de una metodología lúdica incrementó la motivación, la atención y la predisposición de los niños hacia el aprendizaje matemático. Las deducciones del estudio subra-yan la importancia de implementar estrategias pedagógicas lúdicas y centradas en el estudiante para el estímulo del pensamiento matemático en la fase inicial de la educación. Adicionalmente, subrayan la importancia de capacitar a los educadores en el diseño y aplicación de actividades pedagógicas innovadoras que amalgaman juego, exploración y resolución de problemas. Se aconseja proseguir con la investigación sobre la integración de estas metodologías con instru-mentos tecnológicos para potenciar aún más su repercusión en el ámbito educativo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Margoth Eulalia Preciado Torres, Martha Yadira Chávez Fernández, Diana Carolina Fajardo Chicaiza, José Nicolás Torrealba, Victoria Nataly Cardenas Pila
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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