Metabolitos Sintetizados en la Simbiosis Micorrícica: De la Raíz a las Partes Aéreas
Resumen
Los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) forman la asociación simbiótica más frecuente (80%) con las raíces de las plantas terrestres. Esta relación se establece mediante un diálogo de señalización que comienza en el suelo, induciendo cambios fisiológicos en toda la planta. Tras el contacto físico entre las hifas fúngicas y la raíz, los HMA desarrollan estructuras especializadas dentro de las células corticales. Posteriormente, la colonización interna del hongo facilita el intercambio de nutrientes entre ambos organismos. Hace tres décadas, se descubrió que la inoculación con HMA aumenta los niveles de ciertos aminoácidos y proteínas solubles, lo que demuestra que esta asociación simbiótica altera significativamente el metabolismo de la planta. Durante la simbiosis, los compuestos sintetizados como respuesta defensiva a la presencia del hongo pueden inducir cambios en los metabolitos secundarios y los compuestos bioactivos en diversos tejidos vegetales. Esta revisión describe cómo se activan los metabolitos en respuesta a los HMA, así como su función ante estímulos adicionales como el estrés abiótico y biótico.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Kena Casarrubias Castillo, Marco Miguel Plancarte de la Torre, Ernesto Ramírez Briones, Julia Zañudo Hernández
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