Aditivos nutricionales para la mitigación del metano entérico en bovinos: eficacia comparativa, productividad y riesgos (2021 2026)
Resumen
Esta revisión sistemática analizó los Aditivos nutricionales para la mitigación del metano entérico en bovinos: eficacia comparativa, productividad y riesgos 2021 2026. Se aplicaron criterios metodológicos rigurosos de acuerdo con la metodología PRISMA, teniendo en cuenta 34 estudios obtenidos de bases académicas como Scopus, SciencieDirect y Dimensions. Los resultados revelaron que los inhibidores directos de la metanogénesis, específicamente el 3-nitrooxipropanol (3-NOP) y los análogos de halometano como el bromoformo (Asparagopsis spp.), constituyen las herramientas más potentes, logrando reducciones de metano de entre el 31% y el 94% en sistemas intensivos. Sin embargo, la eficacia disminuye drásticamente al 24% en condiciones de pastoreo, evidenciando limitaciones por la forma de entrega y estabilidad del compuesto. Se identificaron riesgos para la salud animal y la productividad, tales como la caída del 13.2% en el consumo de materia seca con dosis altas de 3-NOP y una severa depresión de la grasa láctea inducida por aceites vegetales insaturados. El estudio demostró una mayor concentración de la investigación en sistemas de alimentación estabulados (TMR) y el uso de inhibidores enzimáticos específicos, resaltando un vacío en la validación de estas tecnologías para sistemas de pastoreo extensivo y el aprovechamiento de subproductos locales ricos en taninos y saponinas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Beatriz del Pilar Colter Apaza , Luz Elena Arevalo Rioja , Uber Joel Plasencia Ruiz , Benito Bautista Espinoza , Rocío Jeanett Díaz Julián
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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