Liderazgo transformacional, confianza y bienestar psicológico-laboral: Interacción de factores psicosociales en colaboradores del Poder Judicial de Puno, 2023
Palabras clave:
Bienestar psicológico, confianza, liderazgo, mediación, satisfacción
Resumen
El análisis realizado en el Poder Judicial de Puno en 2023, identificó una brecha significativa en el liderazgo, atribuida principalmente a la falta de conocimiento sobre las competencias necesarias para la gestión de personal. Esta deficiencia, influenciada por una estructura organizacional inadecuada, disminuye la confianza en los líderes, afectando negativamente tanto el bienestar psicológico como la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores. El objetivo principal de la investigación fue determinar el nivel de influencia del liderazgo transformacional en la confianza en el líder, la satisfacción laboral y el bienestar psicológico de los colaboradores. Se aplicó una encuesta adaptada a 258 trabajadores, bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel correlacional-explicativo, con un diseño no experimental y transversal. Los resultados demostraron que el liderazgo transformacional se relaciona de forma positiva con las tres variables mencionadas, siendo la confianza en el líder el único factor mediador entre ellas. Estos hallazgos validan la influencia del liderazgo transformacional sobre aspectos poco explorados en estudios previos, y subrayan que tanto el bienestar psicológico como la satisfacción laboral dependen en gran medida de la existencia de confianza en los líderes. Por otro lado, se determinó que los colaboradores perciben positivamente este tipo de liderazgo, concluyendo que los problemas detectados, podrían deberse a otros factores internos, como operativos y estructurales. Esto plantea la necesidad de una reevaluación profunda de los conceptos estudiados y la formulación de recomendaciones específicas que puedan ser implementadas por la institución para mejorar su clima laboral y organizacional.
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Breevaart, K., & Bakker, A. (2018). Daily job demands and employee work engagement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(3), 338–349. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000082
Breevaart, K., & Zacher, H. (2019). Main and interactive effects of weekly transformational and laissez-faire leadership on followers’ trust in the leader and leader effectiveness. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 92(2), 384–409. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1111/joop.12253
Cabrera, D. R. R. (2014). Liderazgo en el sector público: una revisión de la literatura. Suma de Negocios, 5(11), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-910x(14)70024-2
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Cruz-Ortiz, V. (2017). Liderazgo Transformacional: Estudios empíricos desde una perspectiva de grupos y de multinivel [Tesis Doctoral, Universitat Jaume]. Repositorio de la Universitat Jaume. https://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/405452#page=1.
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Dirks, K., & Ferrin, D. (2002). rust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611–628.
Fairholm, G. (1994). Leadership and the culture of trust. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.
García-Cabrera, A., Suárez-Ortega, S., & Pérez-Pérez, M. (2018). Transformational leadership and burnout: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. International Journal of Manpower, 39(3), 403–422. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1108/IJM-12-2016-0256
Gillet, N., Fouquereau, E., Forest, J., Brunault, P., & Colombat, P. (2013). The impact of organizational factors on psychological needs and their relations with well-being. Journal of Business and Psychology, 28(4), 437–452. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1007/s10869-012-9272-4
González-Romá, V., & Hernández, A. (2016). Climate uniformity: Its influence on team communication quality, task conflict, and team performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(6), 927–940. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1037/apl0000099
Harms, P., & Credé, M. (2010). Emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 17(1), 5–17. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1177/1548051809350894
Hentrich, S., Zimber, A., Garbade, S., Gregersen, S., Nienhaus, A., & Scheuch, K. (2017). Relationships between transformational leadership and health outcomes. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 12, 11. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1186/s12995-017-0159-2
Huang, L., & Hsieh, Y. (2019). The effects of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and team performance. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(2), 190–198. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12656
Kelloway, E., Turner, N., Barling, J., & Loughlin, C. (2012). Transformational leadership and employee well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(2), 100–110. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1037/a0027655
Kranabetter, C., & Niessen, C. (2017). Managers as role models for health. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(4), 532–546. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2017.1313402
Krasikova, D., Green, S., & LeBreton, J. (2013). Destructive leadership. Journal of Management, 39(1), 130–163. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1177/0149206312471388
Lee, A., Martin, R., Thomas, G., Guillaume, Y., & Maio, G. (2020). Conceptualizing leadership perceptions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 93(3), 653–686. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1111/joop.12299
Liao, Z., Liu, Y., & Loi, R. (2022). Ethical leadership and workplace wellbeing. Journal of Business Ethics, 179, 191–207. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04868-7
Liu, D., Liao, H., & Loi, R. (2020). The dark side of leadership: A three-level investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 63(3), 941–972. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.0173
Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195187526.001.0001
Miao, C., Humphrey, R., & Qian, S. (2018). Emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. Journal of Business Research, 92, 205–222. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.038
Montano, D., Reeske, A., Franke, F., & Hüffmeier, J. (2017). Leadership, followers’ mental health and job performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(9), 1038. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091038
Nielsen, K., Randall, R., Yarker, J., & Brenner, S. (2009). The effects of transformational leadership on followers’ perceived work characteristics. Leadership Quarterly, 19(5), 583–594. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.07.002
Northouse, P. (2018). Leadership: Theory and practice (8th ed.) (Sage Publications).
Omar, A., Salessi, S., & Urteaga, F. (2016). Liderazgo, confianza y flexibilidad laboral como predictores de identificación organizacional: un estudio con trabajadores argentinos. Pensamiento Psicológico, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.11144/javerianacali.ppsi14-2.lcfl
Perilla-Toro, L. E., & Gómez-Ortiz, V. (2017). Relación del estilo de liderazgo transformacional con la salud y el bienestar del empleado: el rol mediador de la confianza en el líder. Revista de Psicologia Del Trabajo y de Las Organizaciones, 33(2), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2017.02.005
Podsakoff, P., MacKenzie, S., Moorman, R., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust. Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107–142. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological Weil-Being: Meaning, Measurement, and Implications for Psychotherapy Research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289026
Salas, A. (2013). Liderazgo Transformacional, capacidad de aprendizaje organizativo y felicidad en el trabajo [Tesis Doctoral, Universitat de Valencia]. Repositorio de la Universitat de Valencia. https://roderic.uv.es/items/a423e73f-6764-4f1d-baf2-91cf8ded931f.
Schaufeli, W., Bakker, A., & Salanova, M. (2019). The measurement of work engagement. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
Skakon, J., Kristensen, T., Christensen, K., Lund, T., & Labriola, M. (2021). Do managers affect employees’ stress levels? Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 37(6), 418–426. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3161
Sosik, J. J., Potosky, D., & Jung, D. I. (2002). Adaptive Self-Regulation: Meeting Others’ Expectations of Leadership and Performance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(2), 211–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540209603896
Tims, M., Bakker, A., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2011). Do transformational leaders enhance followers’ daily work engagement? Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 121–131. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.12.011
Valdivia, A. M. C. (2020). Liderazgo y estrés laboral en colaboradores de una Planta Industrial de Lima Sur [Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Ricardo Palma]. Repositorio de la Universidad Ricardo Palma. https://repositorio.urp.edu.pe/entities/publication/2482970a-23c1-40f7-abdd-4ee5ee702c70.
Van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., De Windt, N., & Alkema, J. (2014). Same difference? . The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 544–562. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.014
Wang, H., Law, K., Hackett, R., Wang, D., & & Chen, Z. (2005). Leader–member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 420–432. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.17407908
Xu, H., Zhao, S., & He, W. (2016). Transformational leadership and innovation. Management Decision, 54(7), 1668–1688. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1108/MD-06-2015-0235
Yukl, G. A. (1989). Leadership in organizations (2da Edicion). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Yukl, G. A. (2008). Liderazgo en las organizaciones (6ta. edición). Madrid: Pearson Educacion S.A.
Zhang, Y., Sun, J., Liu, Y., & Knight, A. (2022). Servant leadership, psychological safety, and employee well-being. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(1), 13–29. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1037/apl0000940
Zhu, Y., & Akhtar, S. (2014). The mediating effects of cognition-based trust and affect-based trust in transformational leadership’s dual processes: Evidence from China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(20), 2755–2771. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.934885
Arnold, K. (2017). Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: A review and directions for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 381–393. https://doi.org/://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000062
Avolio, B. L., & Bass, B. M. (2002). Developing potential across a full range of leadership. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bakker, A., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
Bennis, W. (1985). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row.
Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row.
Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S., & Frey, D. (2013). Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 270–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.11.006
Breevaart, K., & Bakker, A. (2018). Daily job demands and employee work engagement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(3), 338–349. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000082
Breevaart, K., & Zacher, H. (2019). Main and interactive effects of weekly transformational and laissez-faire leadership on followers’ trust in the leader and leader effectiveness. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 92(2), 384–409. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1111/joop.12253
Cabrera, D. R. R. (2014). Liderazgo en el sector público: una revisión de la literatura. Suma de Negocios, 5(11), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-910x(14)70024-2
Clarke, N. (2013). Model of transformational leadership’s impact on job performance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34(6), 496–517. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2011-0117
Cruz-Ortiz, V. (2017). Liderazgo Transformacional: Estudios empíricos desde una perspectiva de grupos y de multinivel [Tesis Doctoral, Universitat Jaume]. Repositorio de la Universitat Jaume. https://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/405452#page=1.
Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Delgado-Bello, C. A., & Gahona Flores, O. F. (2022). Impacto del liderazgo transformacional en la satisfacción laboral y la intención de abandono: un estudio desde el contexto educativo. Información Tecnológica, 33(6), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-07642022000600011
Dirks, K., & Ferrin, D. (2002). rust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611–628.
Fairholm, G. (1994). Leadership and the culture of trust. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.
García-Cabrera, A., Suárez-Ortega, S., & Pérez-Pérez, M. (2018). Transformational leadership and burnout: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. International Journal of Manpower, 39(3), 403–422. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1108/IJM-12-2016-0256
Gillet, N., Fouquereau, E., Forest, J., Brunault, P., & Colombat, P. (2013). The impact of organizational factors on psychological needs and their relations with well-being. Journal of Business and Psychology, 28(4), 437–452. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1007/s10869-012-9272-4
González-Romá, V., & Hernández, A. (2016). Climate uniformity: Its influence on team communication quality, task conflict, and team performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(6), 927–940. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1037/apl0000099
Harms, P., & Credé, M. (2010). Emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 17(1), 5–17. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1177/1548051809350894
Hentrich, S., Zimber, A., Garbade, S., Gregersen, S., Nienhaus, A., & Scheuch, K. (2017). Relationships between transformational leadership and health outcomes. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 12, 11. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1186/s12995-017-0159-2
Huang, L., & Hsieh, Y. (2019). The effects of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and team performance. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(2), 190–198. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12656
Kelloway, E., Turner, N., Barling, J., & Loughlin, C. (2012). Transformational leadership and employee well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(2), 100–110. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1037/a0027655
Kranabetter, C., & Niessen, C. (2017). Managers as role models for health. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(4), 532–546. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2017.1313402
Krasikova, D., Green, S., & LeBreton, J. (2013). Destructive leadership. Journal of Management, 39(1), 130–163. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1177/0149206312471388
Lee, A., Martin, R., Thomas, G., Guillaume, Y., & Maio, G. (2020). Conceptualizing leadership perceptions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 93(3), 653–686. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1111/joop.12299
Liao, Z., Liu, Y., & Loi, R. (2022). Ethical leadership and workplace wellbeing. Journal of Business Ethics, 179, 191–207. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04868-7
Liu, D., Liao, H., & Loi, R. (2020). The dark side of leadership: A three-level investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 63(3), 941–972. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.0173
Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195187526.001.0001
Miao, C., Humphrey, R., & Qian, S. (2018). Emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. Journal of Business Research, 92, 205–222. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.038
Montano, D., Reeske, A., Franke, F., & Hüffmeier, J. (2017). Leadership, followers’ mental health and job performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(9), 1038. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091038
Nielsen, K., Randall, R., Yarker, J., & Brenner, S. (2009). The effects of transformational leadership on followers’ perceived work characteristics. Leadership Quarterly, 19(5), 583–594. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.07.002
Northouse, P. (2018). Leadership: Theory and practice (8th ed.) (Sage Publications).
Omar, A., Salessi, S., & Urteaga, F. (2016). Liderazgo, confianza y flexibilidad laboral como predictores de identificación organizacional: un estudio con trabajadores argentinos. Pensamiento Psicológico, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.11144/javerianacali.ppsi14-2.lcfl
Perilla-Toro, L. E., & Gómez-Ortiz, V. (2017). Relación del estilo de liderazgo transformacional con la salud y el bienestar del empleado: el rol mediador de la confianza en el líder. Revista de Psicologia Del Trabajo y de Las Organizaciones, 33(2), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2017.02.005
Podsakoff, P., MacKenzie, S., Moorman, R., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust. Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107–142. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological Weil-Being: Meaning, Measurement, and Implications for Psychotherapy Research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289026
Salas, A. (2013). Liderazgo Transformacional, capacidad de aprendizaje organizativo y felicidad en el trabajo [Tesis Doctoral, Universitat de Valencia]. Repositorio de la Universitat de Valencia. https://roderic.uv.es/items/a423e73f-6764-4f1d-baf2-91cf8ded931f.
Schaufeli, W., Bakker, A., & Salanova, M. (2019). The measurement of work engagement. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
Skakon, J., Kristensen, T., Christensen, K., Lund, T., & Labriola, M. (2021). Do managers affect employees’ stress levels? Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 37(6), 418–426. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3161
Sosik, J. J., Potosky, D., & Jung, D. I. (2002). Adaptive Self-Regulation: Meeting Others’ Expectations of Leadership and Performance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(2), 211–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540209603896
Tims, M., Bakker, A., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2011). Do transformational leaders enhance followers’ daily work engagement? Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 121–131. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.12.011
Valdivia, A. M. C. (2020). Liderazgo y estrés laboral en colaboradores de una Planta Industrial de Lima Sur [Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Ricardo Palma]. Repositorio de la Universidad Ricardo Palma. https://repositorio.urp.edu.pe/entities/publication/2482970a-23c1-40f7-abdd-4ee5ee702c70.
Van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., De Windt, N., & Alkema, J. (2014). Same difference? . The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 544–562. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.014
Wang, H., Law, K., Hackett, R., Wang, D., & & Chen, Z. (2005). Leader–member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 420–432. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.17407908
Xu, H., Zhao, S., & He, W. (2016). Transformational leadership and innovation. Management Decision, 54(7), 1668–1688. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1108/MD-06-2015-0235
Yukl, G. A. (1989). Leadership in organizations (2da Edicion). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Yukl, G. A. (2008). Liderazgo en las organizaciones (6ta. edición). Madrid: Pearson Educacion S.A.
Zhang, Y., Sun, J., Liu, Y., & Knight, A. (2022). Servant leadership, psychological safety, and employee well-being. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(1), 13–29. https://doi.org///doi.org/10.1037/apl0000940
Zhu, Y., & Akhtar, S. (2014). The mediating effects of cognition-based trust and affect-based trust in transformational leadership’s dual processes: Evidence from China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(20), 2755–2771. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.934885
Publicado
2026-09-16
Cómo citar
Gallegos Loayza , J. E. (2026). Liderazgo transformacional, confianza y bienestar psicológico-laboral: Interacción de factores psicosociales en colaboradores del Poder Judicial de Puno, 2023. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 10(4), 7254-7278. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v10i4.25673
Número
Sección
Ciencias Sociales y Humanas
Derechos de autor 2026 Jesús Efraín Gallegos Loayza
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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