Biomodelos como sistemas centinela en ecotoxicología reproductiva
Resumen
La contaminación ambiental es un tema de índole mundial que repercute directamente en la salud de los seres vivos, siendo un tema importante de estudio e investigación. Dentro de estos procesos de contaminación tenemos las aguas residuales, las cuales contienen mezclas complejas de sustancias químicas disruptoras endocrinas, metales pesados y fármacos que representan riesgos para la salud reproductiva. El presente trabajo analiza el uso de biomodelos en el estudio de la toxicidad reproductiva inducida por este tipo de contaminantes. Se profundiza en cómo Daphnia magna actúa como organismo centinela de alerta temprana debido a su alta sensibilidad. Por otro lado, Danio rerio permite realizar evaluaciones mecanísticas gracias a la homología genética, la transparencia embrionaria y la integración de vías de desenlaces adversos. Además, Xenopus laevis complementa el cribado de la alteración endocrina mediante ejes hormonales conservados. En cuanto a los modelos basados en mamíferos, particularmente los roedores, permiten extrapolar directamente los riesgos para la salud humana, revelando alteraciones en la foliculogénesis, la implantación y el comportamiento. Por otro lado, los enfoques in silico potencian la toxicología predictiva y reducen el uso de animales. De esta manera, las estrategias integradas que combinan enfoques in silico, in vitro e in vivo refuerzan la comprensión mecanística y la evaluación de riesgos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Sofía Isabel Vázquez Martínez , Chaak Castellanos Carrizal, Dan González Ibarra, Paloma Montserrat Rosas Licona, Victorino Alatriste
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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