Análisis de la Contaminación Sonora en Zonas Urbanas y Rurales del Distrito de San Miguel, Provincia De San Román, Puno 2025
Resumen
El objetivo fue determinar los niveles de contaminación sonora y analizar sus diferencias entre las zonas urbanas y rurales del distrito de San Miguel (San Román, Puno, Perú), en 2025. Con un diseño no experimental, transversal y descriptivo-comparativo, se midió el nivel de presión sonora continuo equivalente (LAeqT) con sonómetro en 10 puntos (cinco urbanos y cinco rurales), en tres horarios y durante tres días, con un total de 90 mediciones. Los resultados se contrastaron con los Estándares Nacionales de Calidad Ambiental (ECA) para Ruido y, al no presentar distribución normal (Shapiro-Wilk, p < 0,05), se analizaron con las pruebas U de Mann-Whitney, de Wilcoxon y chi-cuadrado. El LAeqT fue mayor en la zona urbana (mediana = 64,8 dB) que en la rural (mediana = 52,1 dB) (U = 412,5; p < 0,001; r = 0,51). El 82,2 % de las mediciones urbanas superó el ECA (Z = −4,911; p < 0,001), frente al 44,4 % de las rurales, que no difirieron significativamente del estándar (Z = −1,140; p = 0,254). La proporción de superaciones se asoció con la zona (X2 = 13,828; p < 0,001; Phi = 0,392). Un punto rural adyacente a una vía de alto tránsito alcanzó niveles similares a los urbanos (media = 70,3 dB), mientras que los puntos rurales alejados de las vías cumplieron el estándar en todas las mediciones. La zona urbana excede de forma sistemática el ECA, y en la rural el cumplimiento depende de la distancia a las vías de alto flujo vehicular
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Derechos de autor 2026 Felix Yucra Mamani
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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