Potencial de extractos vegetales frente a microorganismos de interés médico y biocompatibilidad hemática, análisis in vitro
Palabras clave:
Potencial, extractos, microorganismos, hemólisis
Resumen
La resistencia antimicrobiana constituye un problema creciente de salud pública que impulsa la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas derivadas de plantas medicinales con actividad biológica comprobada. Por ello, en este estudio se evaluó el potencial antimicrobiano y la seguridad hemática de tres extractos vegetales, mediante el método de difusión en disco de Kirby-Bauer para determinar la actividad antimicrobiana frente a Escherichia coli (ATCC K12) y Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC Seattle 1945), utilizando ciprofloxacino como control positivo. La biocompatibilidad hemática se evaluó mediante ensayo de hemólisis en eritrocitos humanos O+, con lectura espectrofotométrica a 540 nm. Los extractos mostraron actividad antimicrobiana moderada, con halos de inhibición entre 9–14 mm frente a Escherichia coli y 7–14.33 mm frente a Staphylococcus aureus, representando porcentajes de inhibición relativa entre 20–39% respecto al control positivo. Peumus boldus presentó el mayor efecto frente a Staphylococcus aureus (14.33 mm). En la evaluación hemolítica, Peumus boldus mostró un perfil no hemolítico (<2%), mientras que Lavandula angustifolia alcanzó 51.8% de hemólisis a 3000 ppm, disminuyendo a valores ligeramente hemolíticos en concentraciones menores. El presente estudio revela que los extractos evaluados poseen actividad antimicrobiana moderada y perfiles de seguridad variables, destacando Peumus boldus como el candidato más prometedor.
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Bălașoiu Jigău, R. A. C., Obistioiu, D., Hulea, A., Suleiman, M. A., Popescu, I., Floares Oarga, D., et al. (2024). Analysing the antibacterial synergistic interactions of Romanian lavender essential oils via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: In vitro and in silico approaches. Plants, 13(15), 2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13152136
Bibi, N., Perveen, S., Kanwal, S., Latif, F., Rashid, R., Janiad, S., et al. (2025). Investigation of antimicrobial potential of medicinal plants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Food Science & Nutrition, 13(11), e70999. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70999
Bhinge, S. D., Bhutkar, M. A., Randive, D. S., Wadkar, G. H., Todkar, S. S., Kakade, P. M., et al. (2017). Formulation development and evaluation of antimicrobial polyherbal gel. Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises, 75(5), 349–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2017.04.006
Costa, C. A. R. de A., Kohn, D. O., de Lima, V. M., Gargano, A. C., Flório, J. C., & Costa, M. (2011). The GABAergic system contributes to the anxiolytic-like effect of essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137(1), 828–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.003
de Carvalho Selvati Rezende, D. A., das Graças Cardoso, M., Souza, R. V., Teixeira, M. L., Brandão, R. M., Ferreira, V. R. F., et al. (2017). Essential oils from Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon citratus, Rosmarinus officinalis, Peumus boldus and Foeniculum vulgare: Inhibition of phospholipase A2 and cytotoxicity to human erythrocytes. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 8(9), 2196–2207. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2017.89147
Elizondo-Luevano, J. H., Quintanilla-Licea, R., Castillo-Hernández, S. L., Sánchez-García, E., Bautista-Villarreal, M., González-Meza, G. M., et al. (2024). In vitro evaluation of anti-hemolytic and cytotoxic effects of traditional Mexican medicinal plant extracts on human erythrocytes and cell cultures. Life, 14(9), 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091176
Elmi, A., Abdoul-Latif, F. M., Pasc, A., Risler, A., Philippot, S., Gil-Ortiz, R., et al. (2025). Exploring the antibacterial potency of Cymbopogon essential oils: Liposome encapsulation and phytochemical insights. Antibiotics, 14(5), 510. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050510
Epand, R. M., Walker, C., Epand, R. F., & Magarvey, N. A. (2022). Natural products against bacterial membranes. Phytotherapy Research, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7275
Gao, S., Liu, G., Li, J., Chen, J., Li, L., Li, Z., et al. (2020). Antimicrobial activity of lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and its active component citral against dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10, 603858. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.603858
Gonzalez-Pastor, R., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Rodríguez-Pólit, C., Mayorga-Ramos, A., Guamán, L. P., et al. (2023). Current landscape of methods to evaluate antimicrobial activity of natural extracts. Molecules, 28(3), 1068. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031068
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Gupta, P., Singh, A., & Kumar, R. (2025). Plant natural products for antibacterial drug development against ESKAPE pathogens. The Microbe, 5, 100610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microb.2025.100610
Koide da Silva, B. Y., Neves Lopes, A. da S., José Sousa Maia, P., Moreira Mar, J., Souza da Silva, L., Sanches, E. A., et al. (2021). Chemical and biological evaluation of the aqueous extract of Peumus boldus Molina (Monimiaceae) leaves. Pharmacognosy Research, 14(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.5530/pres.14.1.8
Kumar, S., Prasad, R., & Singh, M. (2024). An overview of extraction, isolation and characterization techniques of phytocompounds from medicinal plants. Natural Product Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2024.2426059
Martínez-Klimova, E., Rodríguez-Peña, K., & Sánchez, S. (2024). Antimicrobial action mechanisms of natural compounds isolated from endophytic microorganisms. Antibiotics, 13(3), 271. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13030271
Massoud, R. I., Bouaziz, M., Abdallah, H., Zeiz, A., Flamini, G., & El-Dakdouki, M. H. (2024). Comparative study on the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula × intermedia cultivated in Lebanon. ACS Omega, 9(28), 30244–30255. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c00313
Mesdaghinia, A., Pourpak, Z., Naddafi, K., Nodehi, R. N., Alizadeh, Z., Rezaei, S., et al. (2019). An in vitro method to evaluate hemolysis of human red blood cells (RBCs) treated by airborne particulate matter (PM10). MethodsX, 6, 156–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.01.001
Polanco, V., Cerdá-Bernad, D., Quispe-Fuentes, I., Bernal, C., & López, J. (2024). Bioactive content and antioxidant properties of spray-dried microencapsulates of Peumus boldus M. leaf extracts. Antioxidants, 13(12), 1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121568
Sadeghi, M., Jafari, A., & Mohammadi, S. (2025). A systematic review on natural products with antimicrobial activities against WHO priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02717-x
Saldanha, L. L., Vilegas, W., & Dokkedal, A. L. (2023). Latin American plants against microorganisms. Plants, 12(23), 3997. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12233997
Sánchez-Bautista, A., Coy, J., García-Shimizu, P., & Rodríguez, J. C. (2018). Cambio de CLSI a EUCAST en la interpretación de la sensibilidad a antimicrobianos: ¿Cómo influye en nuestro medio? Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, 36(4), 229–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2017.03.003
Uwaiya, E., Egwu, C. E., Madumelu, M., Audu, J. A., Yusif, B. B., Usman, A., et al. (2025). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the ethanol leaf extract of Pavonia hirsuta (Guill. & Perr.). ChemClass, 9(2), 368–381. https://doi.org/10.33003/chemclas-2025-0902/165
Wang, Y., Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2023). Structure-dependent activity of plant natural products against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1234115. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234115
Woo, S., Marquez, L., Crandall, W. J., Risener, C. J., & Quave, C. L. (2023). Recent advances in the discovery of plant-derived antimicrobial natural products to combat antimicrobial resistant pathogens: Insights from 2018–2022. Natural Product Reports, 40(7), 1271–1290. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2np00090c
Yuan, G., Guan, Y., Yi, H., Guan, S., Xu, H., & Lei, J. (2024). Natural antimicrobials from plants: Recent advances and future prospects. Food Chemistry, 431, 137231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137231
Yuan, Z., Liu, Q., Han, L., & Wang, J. (2021). Review on the antibacterial mechanism of plant-derived natural compounds against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, 3663315. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3663315
Atanasov, A. G., Zotchev, S. B., Dirsch, V. M., & Supuran, C. T. (2025). Medicinal plants: Bioactive compounds, biological activities, combating multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and human health benefits – A comprehensive review. Frontiers in Immunology, 16, 1491777. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1491777
Bălașoiu Jigău, R. A. C., Obistioiu, D., Hulea, A., Suleiman, M. A., Popescu, I., Floares Oarga, D., et al. (2024). Analysing the antibacterial synergistic interactions of Romanian lavender essential oils via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: In vitro and in silico approaches. Plants, 13(15), 2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13152136
Bibi, N., Perveen, S., Kanwal, S., Latif, F., Rashid, R., Janiad, S., et al. (2025). Investigation of antimicrobial potential of medicinal plants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Food Science & Nutrition, 13(11), e70999. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70999
Bhinge, S. D., Bhutkar, M. A., Randive, D. S., Wadkar, G. H., Todkar, S. S., Kakade, P. M., et al. (2017). Formulation development and evaluation of antimicrobial polyherbal gel. Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises, 75(5), 349–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2017.04.006
Costa, C. A. R. de A., Kohn, D. O., de Lima, V. M., Gargano, A. C., Flório, J. C., & Costa, M. (2011). The GABAergic system contributes to the anxiolytic-like effect of essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137(1), 828–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.003
de Carvalho Selvati Rezende, D. A., das Graças Cardoso, M., Souza, R. V., Teixeira, M. L., Brandão, R. M., Ferreira, V. R. F., et al. (2017). Essential oils from Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon citratus, Rosmarinus officinalis, Peumus boldus and Foeniculum vulgare: Inhibition of phospholipase A2 and cytotoxicity to human erythrocytes. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 8(9), 2196–2207. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2017.89147
Elizondo-Luevano, J. H., Quintanilla-Licea, R., Castillo-Hernández, S. L., Sánchez-García, E., Bautista-Villarreal, M., González-Meza, G. M., et al. (2024). In vitro evaluation of anti-hemolytic and cytotoxic effects of traditional Mexican medicinal plant extracts on human erythrocytes and cell cultures. Life, 14(9), 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091176
Elmi, A., Abdoul-Latif, F. M., Pasc, A., Risler, A., Philippot, S., Gil-Ortiz, R., et al. (2025). Exploring the antibacterial potency of Cymbopogon essential oils: Liposome encapsulation and phytochemical insights. Antibiotics, 14(5), 510. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050510
Epand, R. M., Walker, C., Epand, R. F., & Magarvey, N. A. (2022). Natural products against bacterial membranes. Phytotherapy Research, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7275
Gao, S., Liu, G., Li, J., Chen, J., Li, L., Li, Z., et al. (2020). Antimicrobial activity of lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and its active component citral against dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10, 603858. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.603858
Gonzalez-Pastor, R., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Rodríguez-Pólit, C., Mayorga-Ramos, A., Guamán, L. P., et al. (2023). Current landscape of methods to evaluate antimicrobial activity of natural extracts. Molecules, 28(3), 1068. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031068
Gupta, D., Sharma, S., & Maurya, I. K. (2024). Antibiotic potentiation through phytochemical-based efflux pump inhibitors to combat multidrug resistance bacteria. Medicinal Chemistry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734064263586231022135644
Gupta, P., Singh, A., & Kumar, R. (2025). Plant natural products for antibacterial drug development against ESKAPE pathogens. The Microbe, 5, 100610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microb.2025.100610
Koide da Silva, B. Y., Neves Lopes, A. da S., José Sousa Maia, P., Moreira Mar, J., Souza da Silva, L., Sanches, E. A., et al. (2021). Chemical and biological evaluation of the aqueous extract of Peumus boldus Molina (Monimiaceae) leaves. Pharmacognosy Research, 14(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.5530/pres.14.1.8
Kumar, S., Prasad, R., & Singh, M. (2024). An overview of extraction, isolation and characterization techniques of phytocompounds from medicinal plants. Natural Product Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2024.2426059
Martínez-Klimova, E., Rodríguez-Peña, K., & Sánchez, S. (2024). Antimicrobial action mechanisms of natural compounds isolated from endophytic microorganisms. Antibiotics, 13(3), 271. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13030271
Massoud, R. I., Bouaziz, M., Abdallah, H., Zeiz, A., Flamini, G., & El-Dakdouki, M. H. (2024). Comparative study on the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula × intermedia cultivated in Lebanon. ACS Omega, 9(28), 30244–30255. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c00313
Mesdaghinia, A., Pourpak, Z., Naddafi, K., Nodehi, R. N., Alizadeh, Z., Rezaei, S., et al. (2019). An in vitro method to evaluate hemolysis of human red blood cells (RBCs) treated by airborne particulate matter (PM10). MethodsX, 6, 156–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.01.001
Polanco, V., Cerdá-Bernad, D., Quispe-Fuentes, I., Bernal, C., & López, J. (2024). Bioactive content and antioxidant properties of spray-dried microencapsulates of Peumus boldus M. leaf extracts. Antioxidants, 13(12), 1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121568
Sadeghi, M., Jafari, A., & Mohammadi, S. (2025). A systematic review on natural products with antimicrobial activities against WHO priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02717-x
Saldanha, L. L., Vilegas, W., & Dokkedal, A. L. (2023). Latin American plants against microorganisms. Plants, 12(23), 3997. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12233997
Sánchez-Bautista, A., Coy, J., García-Shimizu, P., & Rodríguez, J. C. (2018). Cambio de CLSI a EUCAST en la interpretación de la sensibilidad a antimicrobianos: ¿Cómo influye en nuestro medio? Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, 36(4), 229–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2017.03.003
Uwaiya, E., Egwu, C. E., Madumelu, M., Audu, J. A., Yusif, B. B., Usman, A., et al. (2025). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the ethanol leaf extract of Pavonia hirsuta (Guill. & Perr.). ChemClass, 9(2), 368–381. https://doi.org/10.33003/chemclas-2025-0902/165
Wang, Y., Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2023). Structure-dependent activity of plant natural products against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1234115. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234115
Woo, S., Marquez, L., Crandall, W. J., Risener, C. J., & Quave, C. L. (2023). Recent advances in the discovery of plant-derived antimicrobial natural products to combat antimicrobial resistant pathogens: Insights from 2018–2022. Natural Product Reports, 40(7), 1271–1290. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2np00090c
Yuan, G., Guan, Y., Yi, H., Guan, S., Xu, H., & Lei, J. (2024). Natural antimicrobials from plants: Recent advances and future prospects. Food Chemistry, 431, 137231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137231
Yuan, Z., Liu, Q., Han, L., & Wang, J. (2021). Review on the antibacterial mechanism of plant-derived natural compounds against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, 3663315. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3663315
Publicado
2026-07-24
Cómo citar
Rodríguez Reynoso , A., Torres Silva, N. G., Guzmán Priego, C. G., Rodríguez Luis, O. E., & López Villarreal, S. M. (2026). Potencial de extractos vegetales frente a microorganismos de interés médico y biocompatibilidad hemática, análisis in vitro. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 10(4), 32-46. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v10i4.24920
Número
Sección
Ciencias de la Salud
Derechos de autor 2026 Analexis Rodríguez Reynoso , Naomi Gabriel Torres Silva, Crystell Guadalupe Guzmán Priego, Osvelia Esmeralda Rodríguez Luis, Sonia Martha López Villarreal
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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