Preservación uterina en la hemorragia posparto grave: criterios de selección, límites terapéuticos y predictores de falla del manejo conservador
Resumen
La hemorragia posparto grave constituye una emergencia obstétrica tiempo-dependiente y una causa importante de morbimortalidad materna. Aunque la preservación uterina representa un objetivo clínico relevante, especialmente en pacientes con deseo reproductivo, su intento no debe retrasar el control definitivo de la hemorragia. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los criterios para seleccionar a las pacientes candidatas a manejo conservador, las principales intervenciones disponibles, sus límites terapéuticos y los factores asociados con su fracaso. Se realizó una revisión narrativa crítica de guías clínicas, consensos internacionales, revisiones sistemáticas y estudios observacionales relacionados con el tratamiento de la hemorragia posparto grave. Las estrategias conservadoras comprenden el tratamiento uterotónico, el ácido tranexámico, el taponamiento uterino, las suturas compresivas, la desvascularización pélvica y la embolización arterial. Su éxito depende de la identificación oportuna de la etiología, la respuesta temprana, la estabilidad hemodinámica, la corrección simultánea de la coagulopatía y la disponibilidad de recursos especializados. La persistencia del sangrado, el choque refractario, el incremento sostenido de los requerimientos transfusionales, la coagulopatía progresiva y el daño orgánico indican fracaso del manejo conservador. La preservación uterina debe entenderse como una estrategia escalonada y vigilada, subordinada a la supervivencia materna y sin demorar la histerectomía cuando esta constituye el procedimiento definitivo más seguro.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Andrea Castelán Vázquez , Amy Jocelyn Mengual Ku

Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.









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