Vivir entre la Amenaza y el Control: Experiencia de Personas con Diabetes Tipo 2 en el IMSS. Estudio Fenomenológico Interpretative
Resumen
Introducción: Vivir con diabetes tipo 2 implica mucho más que sostener metas glucémicas: exige interpretar una enfermedad crónica, reorganizar la vida cotidiana y negociar de manera continua con el tratamiento, la familia, el trabajo y el sistema de salud. Objetivo: Comprender la estructura de la experiencia vivida de personas con diabetes tipo 2 atendidas en una Unidad de Medicina Familiar del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Tabasco, México, a partir de sus pensamientos, sentimientos, emociones, actitudes y comportamientos ante la enfermedad y su tratamiento. Material y métodos: Estudio cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico interpretativo de orientación hermenéutica. El corpus final estuvo constituido por 27 entrevistas semiestructuradas; 16 participantes fueron mujeres y 11 hombres, con edad media de 57.2±14.7 años (rango 25–84). El análisis, apoyado por ATLAS.ti versión 23, integró lectura y relectura, anotaciones descriptivas, lingüísticas y conceptuales, construcción de unidades de significado, análisis idiográfico, comparación entre casos, búsqueda de casos divergentes y triangulación analítica. Resultados: La esencia fenomenológica fue vivir en una tensión cotidiana entre amenaza y control. Emergieron seis temas interrelacionados: diagnóstico como ruptura biográfica mediada por memoria familiar; cuerpo vulnerable ante una enfermedad silenciosa; trayectoria emocional no lineal; paradoja del tratamiento entre carga y continuidad; reorganización de la vida cotidiana; y redes de sostén y contexto estructural. La adherencia se vivió como negociación dinámica y el estigma fue heterogéneo, con autoculpa, anticipación de juicio y experiencias interpersonales ocasionales. Conclusiones: La diabetes tipo 2 reconfigura cuerpo, identidad, relaciones, trabajo y vida cotidiana. La atención centrada en la persona debe integrar educación para el autocuidado, valoración del malestar emocional y del miedo a complicaciones, participación familiar, sensibilidad cultural y espiritual, comunicación no estigmatizante y atención de barreras laborales e institucionales.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Silvia María Guadalupe Garrido Pérez , María Isabel Avalos García, Eduardo Contreras Pérez, Rosario Zapata Vázquez, Jorge Iván Martínez Pérez, Joshua Maximiliano Acosta López, Jesús Mauricio Muñoz Camacho
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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