La prueba de la penetración por vía bucal en los delitos de violación
Resumen
La penetración por vía bucal plantea un problema probatorio singular: cómo acreditar, más allá de toda duda razonable, un acceso carnal oral cuando no existen lesiones, rastros biológicos ni evidencia independiente del relato de quien denuncia. La cavidad oral elimina los rastros en horas mediante la saliva, la deglución, la alimentación y la higiene, de modo que en denuncias tardías la medicina legal no puede confirmar ni descartar el hecho. Esta revisión crítica integra evidencia forense, médico-legal, psicológica y jurídica, con foco en el ordenamiento chileno. Se sostiene que la ausencia de evidencia física no impide una condena, pero eleva la exigencia de fundamentación y obliga a demostrar la fiabilidad del relato, el descarte de hipótesis alternativas y la independencia de las corroboraciones. Se examinan las ventanas de persistencia de espermatozoides, ADN y lubricantes; el valor de las infecciones de transmisión sexual; la fragmentación del hecho; la corroboración circular; y la distinción entre credibilidad, fiabilidad, exactitud y suficiencia. Se concluye que el estándar del artículo 340 del Código Procesal Penal exige distinguir la ausencia de evidencia de la evidencia de ausencia, sin relajar la duda razonable ni invertir la carga de la prueba.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Marcelo Meriño Aravena
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0.
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